السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: الأرض إذا كانت صلحا رقابها لأهلها وعليها خراج يؤدونه فأخذها منهم مسلم بكراء
Land taken by treaty whose ownership remains with its people, who pay land tax on it, and a Muslim then rents it from them
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: لَا بَأْسَ كَمَا يَسْتَأْجِرُ مِنْهُمْ إِبِلَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ وَرَقِيقَهُمْ وَمَا دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَوْ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ بِوِكَالَتِهِمْ، فَلَيْسَ بِصَغَارٍ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ دَيْنٌ عَلَيْهِ يُؤَدِّيهِ ⦗235⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يُرْوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجًا وَلَا لِمُشْرِكٍ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ خَرَاجُ الْجِزْيَةِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدِ اتَّخَذَ أَرْضَ الْخَرَاجِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْوَرَعِ وَالدِّينِ وَكَرِهَهُ قَوْمٌ احْتِيَاطًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا الْكَرَاهِيَةُ فَفِيمَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "There is no harm in it, just as he hires from them (the disbelievers) their camels, their houses and their slaves; and whatever he pays to them, or to the ruler as their agent, is not a humiliation for him; rather, it is a debt upon him which he pays."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for the hadith narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): 'It is not proper for a Muslim to pay kharaj, nor for a polytheist to enter al-Masjid al-Haram,' what is meant by it is only the kharaj of jizyah."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Some people of piety and religion have taken kharaj land, while some people disliked it out of caution."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for the dislike, it is based on the narration that follows."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for the hadith narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): 'It is not proper for a Muslim to pay kharaj, nor for a polytheist to enter al-Masjid al-Haram,' what is meant by it is only the kharaj of jizyah."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Some people of piety and religion have taken kharaj land, while some people disliked it out of caution."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for the dislike, it is based on the narration that follows."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكَّارِ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ سُمَيْعٍ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " مَنْ عَقَدَ الْجِزْيَةَ فِي عُنُقِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ".
Abu Abdullah narrates from Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "Whoever ties the jizyah around his neck has become free of the way upon which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، ثنا بَقِيَّةُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَارَةُ بْنُ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ، حَدَّثَنِي سِنَانُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي شَبِيبُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ خُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ أَخَذَ أَرْضًا بِجِزْيَتِهَا فَقَدِ اسْتَقَالَ هِجْرَتَهُ، وَمَنْ نَزَعَ صَغَارَ كَافِرٍ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ فَجَعَلَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ فَقَدْ وَلَّى الْإِسْلَامَ ظَهْرَهُ " قَالَ سِنَانٌ: فَسَمِعَ مِنِّي خَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ لِي: أَشَبِيبٌ حَدَّثَكَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَإِذَا قَدِمْتَ فَسَلْهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ إِلِيَّ بِالْحَدِيثِ، قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ سَأَلَنِي ابْنُ مَعْدَانَ الْقِرْطَاسَ فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا قَرَأَهُ تَرَكَ مَا فِي يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ حِينَ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ خُمَيْرٍ الْيَزَنِيُّ، لَيْسَ هُوَ صَاحِبَ شُعْبَةَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هَذَانِ الْحَدِيثَانِ إِسْنَادُهُمَا إِسْنَادٌ شَامِيٌّ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّا بِمِثْلِهِمَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever takes land along with its jizyah has ended his hijrah, and whoever removes the humiliation of a disbeliever from his neck and places it on his own neck has turned his back on Islam."
Sinan said: Khalid bin Ma'dan heard this hadith from me and said to me: "Did Shabib narrate it to you?" I said: "Yes." He said: "When you go to him, ask him to write the hadith to me." So he wrote it for him. When I came back, Ibn Ma'dan asked me for the paper and I gave it to him; when he read it, upon hearing that, he gave up the land that was in his possession.
The chains of these two hadiths are Syrian, and al-Bukhari and Muslim did not use the like of them as evidence, and Allah knows best.
Sinan said: Khalid bin Ma'dan heard this hadith from me and said to me: "Did Shabib narrate it to you?" I said: "Yes." He said: "When you go to him, ask him to write the hadith to me." So he wrote it for him. When I came back, Ibn Ma'dan asked me for the paper and I gave it to him; when he read it, upon hearing that, he gave up the land that was in his possession.
The chains of these two hadiths are Syrian, and al-Bukhari and Muslim did not use the like of them as evidence, and Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، وَحَجَّاجٌ، قَالَا: ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَكُونُ بِالسَّوَادِ فَأَتَقَبَّلُ وَلَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَزْدَادَ، إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ عَنْ نَفْسِي، فَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ} [التوبة: ٢٩] إِلَى {حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ} [التوبة: ٢٩] عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ " لَا تَنْزِعِ الصَّغَارَ مِنْ أَعْنَاقِهِمْ فَتَجْعَلَهُ فِي عُنُقِكَ ".
Habib bin Abi Thabit said: I heard Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) when a man asked him, saying: "I live in the Sawad and I take (kharaj land) on lease, but I do not intend to gain more; I only want to protect myself." He recited this verse: "Fight those who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day" [Surah al-Tawbah: 29] up to "until they pay the jizyah with their own hand while they are humbled," and said: "Do not remove the humiliation from their necks and place it on your own neck."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ⦗٢٣٦⦘ الْمُزَكِّي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَأْخُذُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ بِمَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ يَقُولُ: " لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَوْ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الذُّلَّ وَالصَّغَارَ ".
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when he was asked about a person who buys land from a dhimmi (non-Muslim citizen), whether jizyah is then due on him, he would say: It is not permissible for a Muslim to impose this humiliation upon himself.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: " مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ كُلَّهَا لِي بِجِزْيَةٍ خَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ أُقِرُّ فِيهَا بِالصَّغَارِ عَلَى نَفْسِي ".
Maymun bin Mihran narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): I would not like that all the jizyah land were given to me for five dirhams, such that I keep myself in this humiliation.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: " مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالطَّسْقِ فَقَدْ أَقَرَّ بِالصَّغَارِ ".
Al-Qasim narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): "Whoever accepts the (land) tax has accepted humiliation."
