السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من كره شراء أرض الخراج
Those who disliked buying land subject to land tax
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الْعُقَيْلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " لَا تَشْتَرُوا رَقِيقَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ خَرَاجٍ يُؤَدِّي بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ، وَأَرْضِيهِمْ فَلَا تَبْتَاعُوهَا، وَلَا يُقِرَّنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالصَّغَارِ بَعْدَ إِذْ نَجَّاهُ اللهُ مِنْهُ ". قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: أَرَادَ فِيمَا نَرَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ مَمَالِيكُ وَأَرْضٌ وَأَمْوَالٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ كَانَتْ أَكْثَرَ لِجِزْيَتِهِ، وَكَانَتْ سُنَّةُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِيهِمْ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ يَضَعُ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْيَسَارِ وَالْعُسْرِ، فَلِهَذَا كَرِهَ أَنْ يُشْتَرَى رَقِيقُهُمْ، وَأَمَّا شِرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ فَإِنَّهُ ذَهَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى الْخَرَاجِ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَلَا تَرَاهُ يَقُولُ: وَلَا يُقِرَّنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالصَّغَارِ بَعْدَ إِذْ نَجَّاهُ اللهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: وَقَدْ رَخَّصَ فِي ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ عُمَرَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَكَابِرِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، مِنْهُمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَكَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ بِرَاذَانَ، وَخَبَّابُ بْنُ الْأَرَتِّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا.
Abu Iyad narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): Do not buy slaves from a dhimmi, for they are people who pay jizyah, some of them paying on behalf of others; and do not buy their lands either. Why should any of you put himself into humiliation when Allah, the Lord of Might, has saved him from it?
Abu Ubayd said: In our view, what he meant is that when a dhimmi has slaves, land and visible wealth, his jizyah is greater, and the practice of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was to fix the jizyah on them according to their ease and hardship. For this reason he disliked buying their slaves. As for buying the land, he had the kharaj in view: he disliked that this kharaj should fall upon the Muslims. Do you not see that he says: Let none of you put himself into humiliation when Allah has saved him from it? After Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), senior Companions, among them Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud, who had land in Radhan, and Khabbab bin al-Aratt (may Allah be pleased with them both), and others, granted a concession in this matter.
Abu Ubayd said: In our view, what he meant is that when a dhimmi has slaves, land and visible wealth, his jizyah is greater, and the practice of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was to fix the jizyah on them according to their ease and hardship. For this reason he disliked buying their slaves. As for buying the land, he had the kharaj in view: he disliked that this kharaj should fall upon the Muslims. Do you not see that he says: Let none of you put himself into humiliation when Allah has saved him from it? After Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), senior Companions, among them Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud, who had land in Radhan, and Khabbab bin al-Aratt (may Allah be pleased with them both), and others, granted a concession in this matter.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا عُبَيْدٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ شَيْئًا، وَيَقُولُ: عَلَيْهَا خَرَاجُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ".
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he disliked buying anything of kharaj land, and he would say: The kharaj of the Muslims is due on it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ كُلَيْبِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: اشْتَرَيْتُ أَرْضًا. قَالَ: الشِّرَاءُ حَسَنٌ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: فَإِنِّي أُعْطِي مِنْ كُلِّ جَرِيبِ أَرْضٍ دِرْهَمًا وَقَفِيزًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ. قَالَ: وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي عُنُقِكَ صَغَارًا.
Kulayb bin Wa'il said: I said to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): I have bought land. He said: Buying land is good. He said: I said: I pay a dirham and a qafiz (a measure) of food for every jarib of land. He said: Do not put humiliation around your neck.
