السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: جواز انفراد الرجل والرجال بالغزو في بلاد العدو استدلالا بجواز التقدم على الجماعة وإن كان الأغلب أنها ستقتله
Permissibility of one man or a few men fighting alone in enemy lands, inferred from the permissibility of charging ahead of the army even if death is most likely
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ، قَالَ: " غَزَوْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ، يُرِيدُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ، وَعَلَى الْجَمَاعَةِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَالرُّومُ مُلْصِقُو ظُهُورِهِمْ بِحَائِطِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: مَهْ مَهْ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يُلْقِي بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، لَمَّا نَصَرَ اللهُ نَبِيَّهُ وَأَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ قُلْنَا: هَلُمَّ نُقِيمُ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا وَنُصْلِحُهَا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ} [البقرة: ١٩٥]، فَالْإِلْقَاءُ بِأَيْدِينَا إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ أَنْ نُقِيمَ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا وَنُصْلِحَهَا وَنَدَعَ الْجِهَادَ ". قَالَ أَبُو عِمْرَانَ: فَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ يُجَاهِدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ حَتَّى دُفِنَ بِالْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَحَادِيثُ ".
Yazid bin Abi Habib narrates from Aslam Abu Imran that he said: We went on a campaign to Constantinople, and the commander at that time was Abd al-Rahman bin Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with them both). The Romans were standing with their backs against the wall of the city. A man charged at the enemy. The people said: "Stop, stop! There is no god but Allah; he is throwing himself into destruction with his own hands." Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "This verse was revealed about us, the Ansar. When Allah Almighty helped His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and gave Islam dominance, we said (among ourselves): Come! Now let us stay with our wealth and set it in order. Thereupon Allah Almighty revealed this verse: 'And spend in the way of Allah, and do not throw yourselves into destruction with your own hands.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 195] So throwing ourselves into destruction with our own hands means that we occupy ourselves with setting our wealth in order and abandon jihad."
Abu Imran said: Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) kept striving in the way of Allah until he was buried in Constantinople.
Abu Imran said: Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) kept striving in the way of Allah until he was buried in Constantinople.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا ⦗١٦٩⦘ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ الرَّمْلِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنْ قُتِلْتُ فَأَيْنَ أَنَا؟ قَالَ: " فِي الْجَنَّةِ ". فَأَلْقَى تَمَرَاتٍ كُنَّ فِي يَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. " وَهَذَا لَفْظُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ "، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Uhud: O Messenger of Allah! If I am martyred, where will I be? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In Paradise." The man threw away the dates in his hand, then fought until he was martyred.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بُسَيْسَةَ عَيْنًا يَنْظُرُ مَا صَنَعَتْ عِيرُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فَجَاءَ وَمَا فِي الْبَيْتِ غَيْرِي، وَغَيْرُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا اسْتَثْنَى بَعْضَ نِسَائِهِ فَحَدَّثَهُ الْحَدِيثَ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَتَكَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ لَنَا طِلْبَةً، فَمَنْ كَانَ ظَهْرُهُ حَاضِرًا فَلْيَرْكَبْ مَعَنَا ". فَجَعَلَ رِجَالٌ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ فِي ظُهْرَانِهِمْ فِي عُلْوِ الْمَدِينَةِ، قَالَ: " لَا إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ ظَهْرُهُ حَاضِرًا ". فَانْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَتَّى سَبَقُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ، وَجَاءَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يُقْدِمَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا أُوذِنُهُ ". فَدَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قُومُوا إِلَى جَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ ". قَالَ: يَقُولُ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ الْحُمَامِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، جَنَّةٌ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى قَوْلِكَ بَخٍ بَخٍ؟ ". قَالَ: لَا وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِلَّا رَجَاءَ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا. قَالَ: " فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا ". فَأَخْرَجَ تَمَرَاتٍ مِنْ قَرَنِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَئِنْ أَنَا حَيِيتُ حَتَّى آكُلَ تَمَرَاتِي هَذِهِ إِنَّهَا لَحَيَاةٌ طَوِيلَةٌ. قَالَ: فَرَمَى بِمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ ثُمَّ قَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّضْرِ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Busaysah as a scout to see what Abu Sufyan's caravan was doing. When he returned, there was no one (in the house) except me and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The narrator says: I do not know whether he made an exception of some of his wives (or not). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out and said: "Whoever has his mount (ready) should come with us."
Some people asked permission to bring their mounts from the upper part of Madinah, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, (only the one should come) whose mount is present (right now)." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) set out and reached Badr ahead of the polytheists; then the polytheists also arrived. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "None of you should advance towards anything until I (give permission)." When the polytheists drew near, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Rise (and hasten) towards a Paradise whose breadth is (equal to) the heavens and the earth." The narrator says that Sayyiduna Umayr bin al-Humam al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Is the breadth of Paradise (equal to) the heavens and the earth? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes!" He said the words 'Bakhin bakhin' (Excellent, excellent!). He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What prompted you to say 'bakhin bakhin'?" He said: By Allah, O Messenger of Allah! Only the hope that I may be among its people. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, you are among its people." Then he took some dates out of his quiver and began to eat them, then said: If I live until I eat these dates of mine, that would be a long life indeed. The narrator says: Then he threw away the dates and fought the polytheists until he was martyred.
Some people asked permission to bring their mounts from the upper part of Madinah, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, (only the one should come) whose mount is present (right now)." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) set out and reached Badr ahead of the polytheists; then the polytheists also arrived. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "None of you should advance towards anything until I (give permission)." When the polytheists drew near, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Rise (and hasten) towards a Paradise whose breadth is (equal to) the heavens and the earth." The narrator says that Sayyiduna Umayr bin al-Humam al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Is the breadth of Paradise (equal to) the heavens and the earth? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes!" He said the words 'Bakhin bakhin' (Excellent, excellent!). He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What prompted you to say 'bakhin bakhin'?" He said: By Allah, O Messenger of Allah! Only the hope that I may be among its people. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, you are among its people." Then he took some dates out of his quiver and began to eat them, then said: If I live until I eat these dates of mine, that would be a long life indeed. The narrator says: Then he threw away the dates and fought the polytheists until he was martyred.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا الْتَقَى النَّاسُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ قَالَ عَوْفُ ابْنُ عَفْرَاءَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا يُضْحِكُ الرَّبَّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى مِنْ عَبْدِهِ؟ قَالَ: " أَنْ يَرَاهُ قَدْ غَمَسَ يَدَهُ فِي الْقِتَالِ يُقَاتِلُ حَاسِرًا ". فَنَزَعَ عَوْفٌ دِرْعَهُ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ.
Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When the people met the enemy in battle on the day of Badr, Sayyiduna Awf bin Afra' bin al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah! At what deed of His servant does Allah Almighty smile?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah Almighty sees His servant plunge into battle with his body unprotected." So Sayyiduna Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) took off his coat of mail, then advanced and fought until he was martyred.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: قَدْ بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ وَخَبَّابًا سَرِيَّةً، وَبَعَثَ دِحْيَةَ سَرِيَّةً وَحْدَهُ.
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Abdullah bin Mas'ud and Khabbab (may Allah be pleased with them both) as one detachment, and sent Dihyah (may Allah be pleased with him) alone as a detachment.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، فَرَأَى الطَّيْرَ عُكُوفًا عَلَى مَقْتَلَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ: سَأَتَقَدَّمُ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ فَيَقْتُلُونَنِي وَلَا أَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ مَشْهَدٍ قُتِلَ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُنَا، فَفَعَلَ فَقُتِلَ، فَرَجَعَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ فِيهِ قَوْلًا حَسَنًا، وَيُقَالُ قَالَ لِعَمْرٍو: " فَهَلَّا تَقَدَّمْتَ فَقَاتَلْتَ حَتَّى تُقْتَلَ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ وَرَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ سَرِيَّةً وَحْدَهُمَا، وَبَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ سَرِيَّةً وَحْدَهُ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا إِسْنَادَهُمَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man of the Ansar stayed behind the people of Bi'r Ma'unah. He saw birds settled over the bodies of his companions, so he said to Amr bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him): "I too will fight the enemy until they kill me, and I will not stay back from the place where my companions were killed." He did so and was martyred. Amr bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) returned and informed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said good words about him. And it is said that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Amr (may Allah be pleased with him): "Why did you not advance and fight until you were killed?" Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri (may Allah be pleased with him) and a man of the Ansar as a detachment by themselves, and sent Abdullah bin Unays (may Allah be pleased with him) alone as a detachment.
