السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما جاء في من الإمام على من رأى من الرجال البالغين من أهل الحرب
Reports on the ruler freeing as a favour whomever he sees fit of the adult men of the enemy
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، قَالَا: ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ " أَنَّ ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ هَبَطُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ جَبَلِ التَّنْعِيمِ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُمْ فَأَخَذَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِلْمًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ} [الفتح: ٢٤] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that eighty men of Makkah came down upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions from the mountain of al-Tan'im at the time of the Fajr prayer in order to kill him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) seized them and took them captive, then set them free. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And it is He who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them" [Surah al-Fath: 24].
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّيَّارِيُّ، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ بِمَرْوَ قَالَا: ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، أنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ: فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا ثَلَاثُونَ شَابًّا عَلَيْهِمُ السِّلَاحُ، فَثَارُوا فِي وُجُوهِنَا، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخَذَ اللهُ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ، فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَلْ جِئْتُمْ فِي عَهْدِ أَحَدٍ، وَهَلْ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ أَحَدٌ أَمَانًا؟ " قَالُوا: اللهُمَّ لَا، فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمْ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكَانَ اللهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا} [الفتح: ٢٤].
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at al-Hudaybiyah. Abdullah related that meanwhile thirty young men came at us bearing weapons. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated against them, and Allah Almighty took away their sight; then we seized them. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "Have you come under anyone's covenant, or has anyone given you a guarantee of safety?" They said: By Allah, no. He (peace and blessings be upon him) let them go, and Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "And it is He who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Makkah after He had given you victory over them. And Allah is ever Seeing of what you do." [Surah al-Fath: 24]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ⦗٥١٩⦘ سِنَانُ بْنُ أَبِي سِنَانٍ الدُّؤَلِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَزْوَةً قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَلَمَّا قَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَفَلَ مَعَهُ، فَأَدْرَكَتْهُمُ الْقَائِلَةُ يَوْمًا فِي وَادٍ كَثِيرِ الْعِضَاهِ، فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ فِي الْعِضَاهِ يَسْتَظِلُّونَ بِالشَّجَرِ، وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَحْتَ سَمُرَةٍ فَعَلَّقَ فِيهَا سَيْفَهُ، قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَنِمْنَا نَوْمَةً، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدْعُونَا، فَأَجَبْنَاهُ، فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ جَالِسٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ هَذَا اخْتَرَطَ سَيْفِي وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ، فَاسْتَيْقَظْتُ وَهُوَ فِي يَدِهِ صَلْتًا، فَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ فَقُلْتُ: اللهُ، فَقَالَ ثَانِيَةً: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ فَقُلْتُ: اللهُ، فَشَامَ السَّيْفَ وَجَلَسَ "، فَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّغَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) related that he went on a campaign with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) towards Najd. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned, he returned with him. One day the time of the midday rest came upon them in a valley full of thorny trees. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) dismounted, and the people spread out among the trees seeking shade, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also stopped under a tree. He (peace and blessings be upon him) hung his sword on the tree. Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We slept, and when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called us, we answered (and went to him), and saw a Bedouin sitting with him (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This man drew my own sword against me; I woke up and it was in his hand, unsheathed. He said: 'Who will protect you from me?' I said: 'Allah!' He said a second time: 'Who will protect you from me?' I said: 'Allah.'" Then he put the sword back in its sheath and sat down. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not punish him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا ابْنُ مِلْحَانَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْلًا قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ، فَرَبَطُوهُ بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " مَاذَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ " قَالَ: عِنْدِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ خَيْرٌ، إِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ. فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ قَالَ لَهُ: " مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَكَ: إِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ، وَإِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَطْلِقُوا ثُمَامَةَ ". فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى نَخْلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاغْتَسَلَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ، وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ وَجْهُكَ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ كُلِّهَا إِلِيَّ، وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ دِينٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ، فَأَصْبَحَ دِينُكَ أَحَبَّ الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ إِلِيَّ، وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ، فَأَصْبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أَحَبَّ الْبِلَادِ إِلِيَّ، وَإِنَّ خَيْلَكَ أَخَذَتْنِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ، فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَبَشَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ قَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ: صَبَوْتَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاللهِ لَا يَأْتِيكُمْ حَبَّةُ حِنْطَةٍ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Sa'id bin Abi Sa'id heard Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a cavalry party towards Najd, and they brought back a man of Banu Hanifah named Thumamah bin Uthal, the chief of the people of al-Yamamah. They tied him to one of the pillars of the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out to him and asked: "Thumamah, how are you?" He said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), (I am) well. If you kill me, you will kill one whose blood will be avenged; and if you show favour, you will show favour to one who is grateful; and if you want wealth, then ask, and you will be given as much as you wish. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went away. The next day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came again and said: "O Thumamah, how are you?" He said: I told you: if you show favour, you will show favour to one who is grateful; and if you kill, you will kill one whose blood will be avenged; and if you want wealth, you will be given as much as you ask for. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Release Thumamah." He went to a garden near the mosque, performed the ritual bath (ghusl), then entered the mosque and said: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. And he said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), by Allah, there was no land more hateful to me than your land, and now your city has become the most beloved to me; and there was no face on earth as hateful to me as yours (peace and blessings be upon him), but now your face has become the most beloved of all faces; and by Allah, no religion was more hateful to me than your religion, but now your religion has become the most beloved of all. When your army seized me, I intended to perform Umrah, so what do you think? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him glad tidings and ordered him to perform Umrah. When he came to Makkah, someone said: O Thumamah, have you abandoned your religion? Thumamah said: No, rather I have become a Muslim. By Allah, not a single grain will come to you now (from al-Yamamah) until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permits it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، أَخْبَرَكَ أَبُوكَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ زَادَ: حَتَّى كَانَ بَعْدُ الْغَدِ قَالَ: " مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ " فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَ كَلَامِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ.
It is reported from the father of Shu'ayb bin al-Layth, like the previous hadith, except that these words are additional: until, on the day after the next, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Thumamah, what do you have?" And he mentioned the like of his (earlier) words.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِأُسَارَى بَدْرٍ: " لَوْ كَانَ مُطْعِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ النَّتْنَى لَخَلَّيْتُهُمْ لَهُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ..
Muhammad bin Jubayr narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said about the captives of Badr: "If Mut'im bin Adi were alive and had spoken to me about these filthy ones, I would have set them free."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْمَكِّيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " فِي هَؤُلَاءِ لَأَطْلَقْتُهُمْ لَهُ " يَعْنِي أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: وَكَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدٌ، وَكَانَ أَجْزَى النَّاسِ بِالْيَدِ.
In this narration the words are: "Had he spoken about them, I would have released them," meaning the captives of Badr. Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He had done the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a favour, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most generous of people in repaying a favour.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الشَّامِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَزَّةَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَنْتَ أَعْرَفُ النَّاسِ بِفَاقَتِي وَعِيَالِي، وَإِنِّي ذُو بَنَاتٍ، قَالَ: فَرَقَّ لَهُ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَعَفَا عَنْهُ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ بِلَا فِدَاءٍ، فَلَمَّا أَتَى مَكَّةَ هَجَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَحَرَّضَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأُسِرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، أُتِيَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا يُلْدَغُ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ جُحْرٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ " هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ فِيهِ ضِعْفٌ، وَهُوَ مَشْهُورٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Abu Azzah said on the day of Badr: O Messenger of Allah, you know better than anyone my poverty, my hardship and my daughters. He (peace and blessings be upon him) let him go, did him a favour and pardoned him, and he went to Makkah without ransom. When he reached Makkah, he insulted the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and incited the polytheists against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So on the day of Uhud he was taken captive again. When he was brought to him (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer is not stung from the same hole twice."
This chain contains weakness, and (the incident) is well known among the scholars of the military campaigns (maghazi).
This chain contains weakness, and (the incident) is well known among the scholars of the military campaigns (maghazi).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: " وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ بِغَيْرِ فِدَاءٍ الْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ حَنْطَبٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، وَكَانَ مُحْتَاجًا، فَلَمْ يُفَادَ، فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَبُو عَزَّةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، بَنَاتِي فَرَحِمَهُ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ، وَصَيْفِيُّ بْنُ عَابِدٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَفِ ".
It is narrated from Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) that among the captives of Badr whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) released without ransom was al-Muttalib bin Hantab al-Makhzumi; he was needy and did not pay a ransom, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did him a favour. And Abu Azzah al-Jumahi said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have daughters," so he (peace and blessings be upon him) showed him compassion and did him a favour. And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took a pledge from Sayfi bin Abid al-Makhzumi, but he did not fulfil it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ الْهَرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو عَزَّةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ أُسِرَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنَّنِي ذُو بَنَاتٍ وَحَاجَةٍ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَكَّةَ أَحَدٌ يَفْدِينِي، وَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ حَاجَتِي، فَحَقَنَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَمَهُ وَأَعْتَقَهُ، وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ، فَعَاهَدَهُ أَنْ لَا يُعِينَ عَلَيْهِ بِيَدٍ وَلَا لِسَانٍ، وَامْتَدَحَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ عَفَا عَنْهُ. فَذَكَرَ الشِّعْرَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّتَهُ مَعَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْجُمَحِيِّ، وَإِشَارَةَ صَفْوَانَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخُرُوجِ مَعَهُ فِي حَرْبِ أُحُدٍ وَتَكَفُّلَهُ بَنَاتِهِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَطَاعَهُ، فَخَرَجَ فِي الْأَحَابِيشِ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ، قَالَ: فَأُسِرَ أَبُو ⦗٥٢١⦘ عَزَّةَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَلَمَّا أُتِيَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: أَنْعِمْ عَلَيَّ، خَلِّ سَبِيلِي، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يَتَحَدَّثُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنَّكَ لَعِبْتَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ "، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ.
Muhammad bin Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Azzah al-Jumahi had been taken captive at Badr. He said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), I have daughters and I am in need, and there is no one in Makkah who will ransom me, and you (peace and blessings be upon him) know my condition." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spared his blood, freed him and let him go, and took a pledge from him that he would not help against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with hand or tongue; and he praised the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when he (peace and blessings be upon him) pardoned him. (Then Ibn Ishaq mentioned his poetry.) Then he mentioned his story with Safwan bin Umayyah al-Jumahi: Safwan advised him to go out with him in the battle of Uhud and undertook to provide for his daughters, and he kept at him until he gave in, and he went out with the Ahabish of Banu Kinanah. Then Abu Azzah was taken captive on the day of Uhud, and when he was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "Do me a favour; let me go." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, so that the people of Makkah do not say that you toyed with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) twice." And he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that he be killed.
