Praying at the grave after the deceased is buried

Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I was informed by someone who passed with your Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) by a grave that was fallen in (or isolated), and we formed rows behind him (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: We said: O Abu Amr! Who narrated this hadith to you? He said: Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
In the narration of Wahb: I was informed by someone who saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) come to a grave that was set apart; then he led them in prayer and acted as their imam. I said: Who narrated this to you? He said: Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over a man one night after he had been buried. He (peace and blessings be upon him) and his (peace and blessings be upon him) Companions stood up, and he had been asking about him; he said: "Who is this?" It was said: He was buried just yesterday. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over him.

Abu Khaythamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Jarir (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated this same hadith to us, except that he said: "Then they prayed over him."

Al-Shaybani narrates from al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to a fresh grave and offered the funeral prayer over it, and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) also prayed behind him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said four takbirs. I said to Amir: Who narrated this hadith to you? He said: A trustworthy narrator, from Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over a deceased person three days after his death. Isma'il bin Zakariyya narrates with the same chain that he prayed over a grave two nights after the burial.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that he (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over a grave a month later.
Ali (al-Daraqutni) said: Bishr bin Adam is alone in narrating it, and others contradicted him in narrating it from Abu Asim.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer after a man had been buried.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) came to a fallen-in grave and offered the funeral prayer over it, and we also prayed with him (peace and blessings be upon him).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over a grave after the burial.

Yahya bin al-Durays (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibrahim bin Tahman (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated the like of this hadith to us.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when he (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a grave that was newly made. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whose grave is this?" It was said: It is the grave of so-and-so. He (peace and blessings be upon him) dismounted, and the Companions formed a row behind him (peace and blessings be upon him) and prayed the funeral prayer over him, and I was among those who prayed over him.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed over the grave of a woman after she had been buried.
Muslim recorded it in al-Sahih through Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Ar'arah from Ghundar in abridged form, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "prayed over a grave," only that. [Sahih. Muslim recorded it.]

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a grave in which a deceased person had been buried, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whose grave is this?" They said: It is the grave of so-and-so. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you not inform me?" The narrator said: They regarded him as insignificant and thought little of him. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over him after he had been buried, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These graves are filled with darkness, and Allah Almighty illuminates them through my prayer."
Thabit also narrated it from Abu Rafi' from Abu Hurayrah, and it is mahfuz (preserved) through both routes.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a woman or a man used to look after the mosque. He (peace and blessings be upon him) missed that person and asked about them. They said: That person has died. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you not inform me? Show me the grave." They showed him (peace and blessings be upon him) the grave, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer over it.

Musaddad said: Hammad bin Zayd narrated the hadith to us with the same chain and the same meaning, and added these words: It seems the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) regarded the matter of that person as trivial, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Show me the grave." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the grave and offered the funeral prayer. Then he said: "These graves are filled with darkness for their occupants, and Allah Almighty illuminates them through my prayer."

It is narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a black woman used to serve the mosque, and she died. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) missed her, he asked the Companions about her. He was told that she had died, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you not inform me?" Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to her grave and offered the funeral prayer.
Ibn Abdah added in his narration, saying: Hammad informed us that Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These graves are filled with darkness for the people of the graves, but Allah, Glorified is He, illuminates them through my prayer."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man used to clean the mosque; he died, or (the woman) died. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) missed that person, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What happened to that person who used to serve the mosque?" It was said: That person has died. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you not inform me?" They said: It was night. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Show me the grave." He (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the grave and offered the funeral prayer. Then Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him) also mentioned that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These graves are filled with darkness, and Allah Almighty illuminates them through my prayer."
What seems most likely is that this addition belongs to a narration other than that of Abu Rafi' from Abu Hurayrah: either it is from Thabit from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), mursal, as Ahmad bin Abdah and those who corroborated him narrated it, or from Thabit from Anas from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), as Khalid bin Khidash narrated it. Others besides Hammad narrated it from Thabit from Abu Rafi' and did not mention it.

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that a man used to clean the mosque and the like. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) missed him and said: "What happened to so-and-so?" It was said that he had died. Then as many of the Companions as Allah willed went with him; he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to form a row, then he stepped forward and led the funeral prayer.
Hammad bin Waqid narrates from Thabit al-Bunani, from Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him), from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the funeral prayer at the grave after three days.

Hammad bin Waqid al-Saffar (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrated this hadith.
This Hammad bin Waqid is da'if (weak), and this specification of time is not authentic at all; what is authentic is what some narrators reported from Hammad bin Zayd: he asked about her after some days, and in some narrations: he mentioned her one day.

Yazid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to al-Baqi', and he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a new grave and asked about it. The Companions told him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) recognised the person. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you not inform me?" It was said: You (peace and blessings be upon him) were asleep, so we did not think it right to trouble you (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not do that. As long as I am among you, let me not find that any of you has died without your informing me, for my prayer over him is a mercy for him." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the grave and offered the funeral prayer; we formed rows behind him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said four takbirs.

Sayyiduna Abu Umamah bin Sahl bin Hunayf al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) informed him that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to visit the sick among the poor Muslims and the weak, and accompany their funerals. No one but he (peace and blessings be upon him) would pray the funeral prayer over them. A poor woman who lived on the outskirts of Madinah had a long illness. He (peace and blessings be upon him) would ask about her from whoever came from among her neighbours, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If she dies, do not bury her without informing me, so that I may pray the funeral prayer over her." This woman died at night, so they carried her and brought her with the funerals, or came to the place of the funerals. They brought her near the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) could pray the funeral prayer over her as he (peace and blessings be upon him) had told them. They found that he (peace and blessings be upon him) had gone to sleep after the Isha prayer, so they did not like to wake him (peace and blessings be upon him); they prayed the funeral prayer and left. When morning came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked about her from those of her neighbours who came, and they informed him (peace and blessings be upon him) of what had happened and told him that they had not thought it right to wake him (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you do that? Come with me." So they went with him (peace and blessings be upon him) until they stood at her grave, and they formed a row behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as rows were formed for the funeral prayer. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the funeral prayer and said four takbirs, as he used to say takbirs over funerals.

Ibn Buraydah narrates from his father that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a new grave, and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was with him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whose grave is this?" Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! This is Umm Mihjan, who used to clean the mosque. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Why did you not inform me?" They said: You were asleep, and we did not like to wake you. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not do so; my prayer is a source of light for the dead in their graves." So the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) formed rows, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the funeral prayer over her.

Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the funeral prayer over Umm Sa'd a month after her death.
It is an authentic mursal report.

Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates in connected form (mawsul) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This and this are equal in blood money," meaning the little finger and the thumb. It was said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): Would that you prayed over Umm Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with her). So he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the funeral prayer over her a month later, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) had not been present there.
This statement concerns the funeral prayer over Umm Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with her). In this chain Suwayd bin Sa'id is alone in narrating it, and the well-known version is from Qatadah from Ibn al-Musayyab from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which has already passed.
Abu Dawud related from Ahmad bin Hanbal that it was said to Ahmad: Suwayd narrated this from Yazid bin Zuray'. He said: Do not narrate the like of this.

Abu Muhammad bin Ma'bad bin Abi Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that al-Bara' bin Ma'rur (may Allah be pleased with him) was the first person to face the Qiblah, and he was one of the seventy chiefs (nuqaba'). He came to Madinah before the emigration of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and began to pray facing the Qiblah. When his death approached, he bequeathed a third of his wealth to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), for him to spend wherever he wished. He said: When I die, turn my face toward the Qiblah in the grave. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived after a year, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) prayed the funeral prayer over him, and he returned the third of his wealth to his children.
I found it like this in my book; the correct view is that this happened after a month.
This is mursal.

Ibn Abi Mulaykah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) died at al-Sifah or near it. We carried him on men's shoulders until we buried him in Makkah. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) came after his death and said: Where is my brother's grave? Then she came to it and prayed over him. Some have stated that period as one month.

Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) arrived three days after the death of Sayyiduna Asim bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), then came to his grave and prayed (the funeral prayer).