It is narrated from Sayyiduna Tariq bin Shihab (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Friday prayer is obligatory upon every Muslim except a slave, a woman, a child and a sick person."
Although this hadith is mursal (its chain skips the Companion), it is a good mursal, for Tariq is among the best of the Successors and among those who saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), even though he did not hear from him; and this hadith of his has supporting reports.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5632
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Friday prayer is obligatory upon everyone except a child, a slave or a traveller."
In the narration of Ibn Abdan: "The Friday prayer is obligatory upon everyone except a child, a slave and a traveller."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5633
Hadith Gradingمحدثین:حسن لغيرهٖ
Hadith Takhrij«حسن لغيرهٖ۔ الطبراني في الكبير 1257»
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, the Friday prayer is upon him on Friday, except for a sick person, a traveller, a child and a slave. And whoever considers himself free of need of it because of amusement or trade, Allah will be free of need of him, and Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5634
A freed slave of the family of al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates, attributing it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he said: "The Friday prayer is obligatory upon every adult except a child, a slave, a woman and a sick person."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5635
Abu al-Bilad narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "The Friday prayer is obligatory upon everyone except a slave and a sick person."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5636
Isma'il bin Abd al-Rahman bin Atiyyah narrates from his grandmother, Sayyidah Umm Atiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her), that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he gathered the women of the Ansar in a house and sent Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to them. He stood at the door and greeted us with salam, and we returned his greeting. Then he said: I am the messenger of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to you. We said: Welcome to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and to his messenger. Then he said: Will you pledge that you will not associate anything with Allah, and will not steal or commit adultery? We said: Yes. He stretched out his hand from outside the house and we stretched out our hands from inside the house. Then he said: O Allah, bear witness. And we were ordered that for the two Eids the menstruating women and the young women should come out, but the Friday prayer is not upon us, and we were forbidden from following funerals. Isma'il (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked my grandmother what is meant by "and will not disobey you in what is right" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 12]. She said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us from "wailing (over the dead)."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5637
Al-Aswad bin Qays narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) saw a man who had tied up his mount. He said: What has held you back? He said: The Friday prayer. He said: The Friday prayer does not hold back a traveller; go.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5638
Nafi' narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Friday prayer is not upon a traveller.
This is the correct version, mawquf (a saying of Ibn Umar); Abdullah bin Nafi' narrated it from his father and attributed it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5639
Al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: We were with Abd al-Rahman bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) in Khurasan; we used to shorten the prayer and did not hold the Friday prayer.
This is how I found it in my book: "wa la nujammi'u" (and we did not hold the Friday prayer), with a doubled letter and the nun with dammah.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجمعة / 5640