مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب السير
Book of Military Conduct
فيما يمتنع به من (القتل) وما هو؟ وما يحقن الدم؟
What protects one from being killed, what it is, and what safeguards blood
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٣٥٣٠٨ - حدثنا حفص بن غياث عن الأعمش عن أبي سفيان عن جابر (١).
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) both report that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) declared: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). When they have recited this statement, they have by doing so protected their wealth and their lives, and their reckoning will be with Allah."
٣٥٣٠٩ - وعن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فإذا (قالوها) (١) عصموا بها أموالهم ودماءهم، وحسابهم على اللَّه" (٢).
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) declared: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they say La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). When they have said it, they have protected by it their wealth and their lives, and their reckoning will be with Allah."
٣٥٣١٠ - حدثنا أبو خالد الأحمر عن أبي مالك الأشجعي سعد بن طارق قال: سمعت أبي يقول: سمعت النبي ﷺ يقول: "من وحد اللَّه وكفر بما يعبد من دونه حرم ماله ودمه، وحسابه على اللَّه" (١).
Sayyiduna Tariq (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Whoever affirms the Oneness of Allah and rejects what is worshipped besides Allah, his wealth and his life have become inviolable, and his reckoning will be with Allah."
٣٥٣١١ - حدثنا أبو معاوية عن (١) الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان عن أسامة بن زيد قال: بعثنا رسول اللَّه ﷺ إلى الحرقات من جهينة (قال) (٢): فصبحنا القوم وقد (نُذروا) (٣) بنا، قال: فخرجنا في آثارهم فأدركت رجلا منهم فجعلت إذا لحقته قال: لا إله إلا اللَّه، قال: فظننت (أنه) (٤) إنما يقولها فرقًا، قال: فحملت عليه فقتلته فعرض في نفسي من أمره، فذكرت ذلك للنبي ﷺ فقال لي رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "قال لا إله إلا اللَّه ثم قتلته؟ " قلت: يا رسول اللَّه، لم يقلها من قبل نفسه، إنما قالها فرقًا من السلاح، قال: فقال: "قال لا إله إلا اللَّه ثم قتلته؟ فهلا شققت عن قلبه حتى تعلم أنه إنما قالها فرقا من السلاح"، قال أسامة: فما زال يكررها علي: "قال لا إله إلا اللَّه ثم قتلته؟ "، حتى وددت أني لم أكن أسلمت إلا يومئذ (٥).
Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us to al-Huraqat of the tribe of Juhaynah. We came upon those people in the morning, and they had been alerted to us. The narrator said: We pursued them, and I caught one of their men. As soon as I reached him, he recited La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). I thought that he had recited this statement out of fear, so I charged at him and killed him. Then the matter came to my mind, so I mentioned it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). At this the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "He recited La ilaha illa Allah and you still killed him?!" I said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! He did not recite this statement from his heart; he recited it only out of fear of the weapons!" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He recited La ilaha illa Allah and then you killed him. Why did you not cut open his heart, so that you would have known that he recited this statement out of fear of the weapons?!" Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept saying to me: "He recited La ilaha illa Allah and you still killed him!" until I wished that I had not embraced Islam until that very day!
٣٥٣١٢ - حدثنا أبو خالد الأحمر عن الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان عن أسامة قال: بعثنا رسول اللَّه ﷺ، ثم ذكر نحو حديث أبي معاوية عن الأعمش (١).
Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us with an army. The narrator then related the aforementioned hadith.
٣٥٣١٣ - حدثنا عبد اللَّه بن (١) بكر السهمي قال: ثنا حاتم بن أبي صغيرة عن (النعمان) (٢) بن سالم أن (عمرو) (٣) بن أوس أخبره (أن أباه أوسًا أخبره) (٤) قال: إنا لقعود عند رسول اللَّه ﷺ وهو يقص علينا ويذكرنا إذ أتاه رجل فسأله فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "اذهبوا فاقتلوه"، فلما ولى الرجل دعاه رسول اللَّه ﷺ فقال: "هل تشهد أن لا إله إلا اللَّه؟ " قال: نعم، قال: "اذهبوا فخلوا سبيله، وإنما أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فإذا فعلوا ذلك حرم (عليّ) (٥) دماؤهم وأموالهم" (٦).
Sayyiduna Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was admonishing and exhorting us, when a man suddenly came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him (peace and blessings be upon him) something. At this the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and kill him." When the man turned to go back, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called him and asked: "Do you bear witness that there is none worthy of worship but Allah?" He said: "Yes." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and leave his way clear, for I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). When they have done so, their lives and their wealth have become inviolable to me."
٣٥٣١٤ - حدثنا (وكيع قال: حدثنا) (١) سفيان عن أبي الزبير عن جابر قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فإذا قالوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، عصموا مني دماءهم وأموالهم إلا بحقها، وحسابهم على اللَّه"، ثم قرأ: ﴿إِنَّمَا أنت مُذَكِّرٌ (٢١) لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ (بِمُصَيْطِرٍ) (٢)﴾ (٣). [الغاشية: ٢١ - ٢٢].
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) declared: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). When they have recited La ilaha illa Allah, they have protected their lives and their wealth from me, except by its right, and their reckoning will be with Allah." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse: "You (peace and blessings be upon him) are only one who admonishes, and you are not a compeller over them." [Al-Ghashiyah: 21-22]
٣٥٣١٥ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا سفيان عن صالح مولى التوأمة عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فإذا قالوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، حرمت علي دماؤهم وأموالهم إلا بحقها، وحسابهم على اللَّه" (١).
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) declared: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). When they have recited La ilaha illa Allah, their lives and their wealth have become inviolable to me, except by its right, and their reckoning will be with Allah."
٣٥٣١٦ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا سفيان عن حبيب بن أبي عمرة عن سعيد بن جبير قال: خرج المقداد بن الأسود في سرية (قال) (١): فمروا برجل في غنيمة له فارادوا قتله، فقال: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فقتله (مقداد) (٢)، فقيل له: قتلته وهو يقول: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فقال المقداد: ود لو فر بأهله وماله، قال: فلما قدموا ذكروا ذلك للنبي ﷺ: فنزلت: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾، قال: الغنيمة ﴿فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾، قال: تكتمون إيمانكم من المشركين، ﴿فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ (فأظهر) (٣) الإسلام، ﴿فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾، وعيد اللَّه، ﴿(إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ)) (٤) (٥) بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ (خَبِيرًا) (٦)﴾ (٧) [النساء: ٩٤]
Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) reports that Sayyiduna al-Miqdad bin al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) went out with a detachment. They passed by a man who was with a few sheep and goats of his. They wanted to kill him, so the man recited La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah). Even so, Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) killed him. He was asked: "You killed him while he was reciting La ilaha illa Allah?" Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that he wanted to flee with his family and his wealth. When these people returned, they mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and this verse was revealed: "O you who believe! When you go out in the way of Allah for jihad, investigate well, and do not say to one who greets you with peace, 'You are not a believer.' Do you seek the goods of the life of this world? (The life of this world here means the flock of sheep and goats.) With Allah there are abundant spoils. You were like this before Islam (that is, you used to conceal your faith from the polytheists), then Allah bestowed His favour upon you (that is, He made Islam prevail), so investigate well. (This is a warning from Allah:) Indeed Allah is fully aware of whatever you do." [An-Nisa: 94]
٣٥٣١٧ - حدثنا عبد الرحيم بن سليمان عن إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قال: مر رجل من بني سليم على نفر من أصحاب رسول اللَّه ﷺ ومعه غنم له، فسلم عليهم فقالوا: ما سلم عليكم إلا ليتعوذ منكم، فعمدوا إليه فقتلوه، وأخذوا غنمه فأتوا بها رسول اللَّه ﷺ فأنزل اللَّه تعالى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ﴾ إلى آخر الآية (١).
Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) reports that Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A man of the tribe of Banu Sulaym passed by a group of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with a flock of goats he had with him. He greeted them with peace, and some of the people said: "This man greeted you with peace only to keep himself safe from you." So they went after him, killed the man and took his goats, then brought that property to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). At this this verse was revealed: "O you who believe! When you go out in the way of Allah for jihad, investigate well, and do not say to one who greets you with peace, 'You are not a believer.' Do you seek the goods of the life of this world? With Allah there are abundant spoils." To the end of the verse.
٣٥٣١٨ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس بمثله، ولم يذكر فأتوا بها النبي ﷺ (١).
The aforementioned statement of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) is also transmitted through this chain from Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him), except that the narrator did not mention the words: "and they brought them to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)."
٣٥٣١٩ - حدثنا شبابة بن سوار قال: ثنا ليث بن سعد عن ابن شهاب عن عطاء ابن يزيد الليثي عن عبيد اللَّه بن عدي بن الخيار عن المقداد أنه أخبره أنه قال: يا رسول اللَّه، أرأيت إن لقيت رجلًا من الكفار فقاتلني، فضرب إحدى يدي بالسيف فقطعها، ثم لاذ مني بشجرة فقال: أسلمت للَّه، أقتله يا رسول اللَّه بعد أن قالها؟ فقال: (رسول اللَّه) (١) ﷺ: "لا تقتله"، فقلت: يا رسول اللَّه، قطع يدي، ثم قال ذلك بعد أن قطعها، أفأقتله؟ قال: "لا تقتله، فإن قتلته فإنه بمنزلتك قبل أن تقتله، وأنت بمنزلته قبل أن يقول الكلمة (التي) (٢) قال" (٣).
Sayyiduna al-Miqdad bin al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: I asked: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! What is your view (peace and blessings be upon him) if I meet a man of the disbelievers and he fights me, strikes one of my hands with his sword and cuts it off, then takes refuge from me behind a tree and says: 'I have embraced Islam for Allah'? O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Shall I kill him after he has said this?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him." I said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! He cut off my hand, and then, after cutting it off, he recites the testimony. Shall I not kill him?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him. If you kill him, that man will be at the rank you were at before you killed him, and you will be at the rank he was at before he recited this statement that he recited."
٣٥٣٢٠ - (١) حدثنا شبابة بن سوار قال: ثنا سليمان بن الغيرة عن حميد بن هلال قال: جاء أبو العالية إلي وإلى صاحب لي فقال: هلما، فإنكما أشب مني وأوعى للحديث مني، قال: (فانطلقنا) (٢) حتى أتينا بشر بن عاصم الليثي فقال أبو العالية: حدث هذين حديثك، قال: حدثني عقبة بن مالك الليثي قال: بعث النبي ﷺ سرية فأغارت على القوم، فشذ رجل من القوم (وأتبعه) (٣) رجل من السرية (و) (٤) معه سيف (شاهره) (٥)، فقال (الشاذ) (٦) من القوم: إني مسلم، فلم ينظر فيما قال، (قال) (٧): فضربه فقتله، فنمى الحديث إلى النبي ﷺ فقال النبي ﷺ قولًا شديدًا، فبلغ القاتل، فبينما النبي ﷺ يخطب إذ قال القاتل: واللَّه يا نبي اللَّه ما قال الذي قال إلا تعوذا من القتل، فأعرض عنه النبي ﷺ و (عمن يليه) (٨) من الناس، فعل ذلك مرتين كلَ ذلك يُعرض عنه النبي ﷺ، فلم يصبر أن قال الثالثة مثل ذلك، فأقبل عليه النبي ﷺ بوجهه (تعرف) (٩) المساءة في (وجهه) (١٠) فقال: "إن اللَّه أبى علي فيمن قتل مؤمنًا"، ⦗٣٧٢⦘ ثلاث مرات يقول ذلك (١١).
Humayd bin Hilal (may Allah have mercy on him) reports: Abu al-Aliyah (may Allah have mercy on him) came to me and a companion of mine and said: "Come, both of you, for you are both younger than I am and better at preserving hadith than I am." The narrator said: The two of us set off until we came to Bishr bin Asim al-Laythi (may Allah have mercy on him). Abu al-Aliyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Relate your account to these two." He said that Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Malik al-Laythi (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a detachment, and that detachment attacked a people. A man broke away from the people, and a man of the detachment pursued him with a drawn sword. The man who had broken away from the people said: "I am indeed a Muslim." But he did not consider what he said, attacked him and killed him. Then this was reported to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke severely about it. When this news reached the killer, then while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was delivering a sermon, the killer said: "O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! By Allah, he said this only to save himself from being killed." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him and from the people next to him. The man said this twice, and each time the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him. He could not restrain himself from saying this a third time. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face towards the man, with signs of displeasure showing plainly on his (peace and blessings be upon him) face, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah has indeed refused me concerning one who kills a believer." He (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated this three times.
٣٥٣٢١ - حدثنا الفضل بن دكين قال: ثنا أبان بن عبد اللَّه قال: حدثني إبراهيم ابن جرير عن جرير قال: إن نبي اللَّه ﷺ بعثني إلى اليمن أقاتلهم وأدعوهم، فإذا قالوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، حرمت عليكم أموالهم ودماؤهم (١).
Sayyiduna Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to Yemen to fight them and to call them to Islam, and "when they recite La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah), their wealth and their lives have become inviolable to you."
٣٥٣٢٢ - حدثنا يزيد بن هارون قال: أخبرنا سفيان بن (حسين) (١) عن الزهري عن عبيد اللَّه بن عبد اللَّه بن عتبة قال: لما ارتد (من ارتد) (٢) على عهد أبي بكر أراد أبو بكر أن يجاهدهم، فقال عمر: أتقاتلهم وقد سمعت رسول اللَّه ﷺ يقول: "من شهد أن لا إله إلا اللَّه وأن محمدا رسول اللَّه حرم ماله إلا بحقه وحسابه على اللَّه"، فقال أبو بكر: (أنى) (٣) لا نقاتل من فروا بين الصلاة والزكاة؟ واللَّه لأقاتلن من (فرق) (٤) بينهما حتى (٥) أجمعهما، قال عمر: فقاتلنا معه فكان رشدًا، فلما ظفر بمن ظفر به منهم (قال) (٦): اختاروا مني خصلتين: ⦗٣٧٣⦘ إما حربا مجلية وإما (الخطة) (٧) المخزية، فقالوا: هذه الحرب المجلية قد عرفناها فما (الخطة) (٨) المخزية؟ قال: تشهدون على قتلانا أنهم في الجنة وعلى قتلاكم أنهم في النار -ففعلوا (٩).
Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah (may Allah have mercy on him) reports: When those who apostatized in the time of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) apostatized, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) resolved to wage jihad against them. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Will you fight these people, when you have indeed heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever bears witness that there is none worthy of worship but Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, his wealth has become inviolable, except by its right, and his reckoning will be with Allah, the Lord of Honour'?!" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Shall I not fight the one who makes a distinction between the prayer and zakah? By Allah! I will certainly fight whoever makes a distinction between the two, until I bring them together." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: So we fought alongside him, and he was truly rightly guided. Then, when he had gained victory over those of them he overcame, he said: "Choose from me one of two things: either a war of expulsion or a disgraceful settlement." They said: "The war of expulsion we have understood. What is meant by this disgraceful settlement?" He said: "That you bear witness concerning our slain that they are certainly in Paradise, and bear witness concerning your slain that they are certainly in Hell." And they did so.
٣٥٣٢٣ - حدثنا معمر عن ابن مبارك عن حميد عن أنس قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه" (١).
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) declared: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they recite La ilaha illa Allah (there is none worthy of worship but Allah)."
