السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الولاء
Book of Wala
باب: : من قال: من أحرز الميراث أحرز الولاء.
One who said: Whoever secures the inheritance secures the clientage
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رِئَابَ بْنَ حُذَيْفَةَ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَغْلِمَةٍ، فَمَاتَتْ أُمُّهُمْ، فَوَرِثُوا رِبَاعَهَا وَوَلَاءَ مَوَالِيهَا، وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَصَبَةَ بَنِيهَا، فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَمَاتُوا، فَقَدِمَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَمَاتَ مَوْلًى لَهَا، وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، فَخَاصَمَهُ إِخْوَتُهَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا أَحْرَزَ الْوَلَدُ أَوِ الْوَالِدُ فَهُوَ لِعَصَبَتِهِ مَنْ كَانَ "، قَالَ: فَكَتَبْتُ لَهُ كِتَابًا فِيهِ شَهَادَةُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَرَجُلٍ آخَرَ، فَلَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ اخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَوْ إِلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، فَرَفَعَهُمْ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ الَّذِي مَا كُنْتُ أَرَاهُ، قَالَ: فَقَضَى لَنَا بِكِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَنَحْنُ فِيهِ إِلَى السَّاعَةِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " كَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، فَإِنَّهُمَا قَالَا: " الْوَلَاءُ لِلْكُبْرِ ". وَمُرْسَلُ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، ⦗٥١٣⦘ وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْمَرْفُوعُ فِيهِ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْوَلَاءِ..
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, from his grandfather, that Ri'ab bin Hudhayfah married a woman, and she bore him three boys. Their mother died, and they (the three) inherited her dwellings and the wala' of her freed slaves. Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) was the 'asabah of her sons. He took them to Syria, where they died. Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) came back, and a freed slave of that woman died, leaving wealth. Her brothers brought the dispute to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whatever a child or a father secures belongs to his 'asabah." The narrator said: I wrote a document containing the testimony of Abd al-Rahman bin Awf and Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with them both) and another man. When Abd al-Malik became caliph, they presented their case to Hisham bin Isma'il or Isma'il bin Hisham, who referred it to Abd al-Malik. He said: This is a judgement I would not have arrived at. The narrator said: He ruled according to the document of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and we are upon it to this day.
(b) Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is how it is in this narration, whereas we have narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab and Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with them both) both said: Wala' belongs to the senior. The mursal of Ibn al-Musayyib from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is more authentic than the narration of Amr bin Shu'ayb; and as for the marfu' hadith in it, it does not state that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said that about wala'.
(b) Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is how it is in this narration, whereas we have narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab and Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with them both) both said: Wala' belongs to the senior. The mursal of Ibn al-Musayyib from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is more authentic than the narration of Amr bin Shu'ayb; and as for the marfu' hadith in it, it does not state that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said that about wala'.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَشَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: " الْوَلَاءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ النَّسَبِ، فَمَنْ أَحْرَزَ الْمِيرَاثَ فَقَدْ أَحْرَزَ الْوَلَاءَ ". كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ، وَكَأَنَّ يَزِيدَ حَمَلَ رِوَايَةَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَلَى رِوَايَةِ شَرِيكٍ، وَشَرِيكٌ وَهِمَ فِيهِ، أَوْ وَهِمَ فِيهِ يَزِيدُ، فَمَنْ دُونَهُ..
Abdullah bin Ma'qil (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) say: Wala' is a branch of lineage; whoever secures the inheritance also secures the wala'.
This is how I found it in this narration, and it is an error. It seems that Yazid conflated al-Thawri's narration with Sharik's, and Sharik erred in it, or else Yazid or someone below him erred.
This is how I found it in this narration, and it is an error. It seems that Yazid conflated al-Thawri's narration with Sharik's, and Sharik erred in it, or else Yazid or someone below him erred.
وَإِنَّمَا لَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ كَمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَقَبِيصَةُ، قَالَا: ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ رِيَاحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " الْوَلَاءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الرِّقِّ، مَنْ أَحْرَزَ الْوَلَاءَ أَحْرَزَ الْمِيرَاثَ ". هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مِسْعَرٌ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ، وَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَاهُ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ الْوَلَاءُ كَانَ لَهُ الْمِيرَاثُ بِالْوَلَاءِ..
Abdullah bin Ma'qil (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Wala' is a branch of slavery; whoever secures the wala' also secures the inheritance."
This is the correct version, and Mis'ar also narrated it thus from Imran. Its meaning is: whoever has the wala' has the inheritance by virtue of the wala'.
This is the correct version, and Mis'ar also narrated it thus from Imran. Its meaning is: whoever has the wala' has the inheritance by virtue of the wala'.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " يَحُوزُ الْوَلَاءَ الَّذِي يَحُوزُ الْمِيرَاثَ ". وَهَذَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ أَنَّ الَّذِي يَحُوزُ الْمِيرَاثَ وَهُوَ الْعَصَبَةُ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ جَمِيعَ الْمِيرَاثِ، هُوَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ بِالْوَلَاءِ دُونَ أَصْحَابِ الْفُرُوضِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ..
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The wala' is taken by the very one who takes the inheritance.
«Yahuzu al-mirath» (takes the inheritance) refers to the 'asabah, who take all the remaining wealth after the holders of fixed shares (ashab al-furud).
«Yahuzu al-mirath» (takes the inheritance) refers to the 'asabah, who take all the remaining wealth after the holders of fixed shares (ashab al-furud).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، قَالَ: خَاصَمَ ابْنٌ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي مِيرَاثِ مَوْلًى لِعَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَضَى بِمِيرَاثِهِ لِابْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخُو عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا ⦗٥١٤⦘ لِأُمِّهَا وَأَبِيهَا، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَخُوهَا لِأَبِيهَا دُونَ أُمِّهَا، فَقَضَى بِهِ لِابْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ مَاتَ بَعْدَ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَحْرَزَ ابْنُهُ مَا كَانَ أَحْرَزَ أَبُوهُ مِنَ الْوَلَاءِ. . وَمَنْ قَالَ: الْوَلَاءُ لِلْكُبْرِ جَعَلَهُ لِلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ..
Ibn Abi Mulaykah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The son of Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr disputed with al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) over the inheritance of a freed slave of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) ruled in favour of the son of Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman. Abd al-Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him) was the full brother of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) was her brother through the father, not the mother. So the ruling was for the son of Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman, because Abdullah died after Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), so his son secured the wala' that his father had secured. Whoever said that wala' belongs to the senior assigned it to al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him). Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) rejected this ruling of Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ، أَنَّهُ حَضَرَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَطَلْحَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي مِيرَاثِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ وَارِثَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا دُونَ الْقَاسِمِ، لِأَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ أَخَاهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا، وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَخَاهَا لِأَبِيهَا، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ اللهِ فَوَرِثَهُ ابْنُهُ طَلْحَةُ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو، فَقَضَى بِهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لِطَلْحَةَ قَالَ: فَسَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ: " سُبْحَانَ اللهِ، إِنَّ الْمَوْلَى لَيْسَ بِمَالٍ مَوْضُوعٍ يَرِثُهُ مَنْ وَرِثَهُ، إِنَّمَا الْمَوْلَى عَصَبَةٌ " وَرَوَى ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ تَوْرِيثَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ابْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ دُونَ الْقَاسِمِ. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: فَعِيبَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى.
Muhammad bin Zayd bin Muhajir (may Allah have mercy on him) said that al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) and Talhah bin Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on him) both brought their dispute over the inheritance of Abu Amr, the freed slave of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), to Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both). Abdullah was the heir of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), not al-Qasim, because Abdullah's father was the full brother of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), while (al-Qasim's father) Muhammad was her brother through the father only. Abdullah died and Talhah became his heir. Then Abu Amr died, and Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) ruled in favour of Talhah. He said: I heard al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) say: «Subhan Allah!» (Glory be to Allah!) A freed slave is not deposited property to be inherited by whoever inherits; a freed slave (his wala') goes only to the 'asabah.
(b) Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) was faulted for this.
(b) Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) was faulted for this.
