السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : من رد شهادة الصبيان ومن قبلها في الجراح ما لم يتفرقوا
Those who rejected the testimony of children and those who accepted it in cases of injuries as long as they had not dispersed
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ} [البقرة: 282] يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَجُوزَ شَهَادَةُ الصِّبْيَانِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ فِي شَيْءٍ، ولِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا خُوطِبَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ الْبَالِغُونَ دُونَ مَنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ، وَلِأَنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا مِمَّنْ يُرْضَى مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَنَا اللهُ أَنْ نَقْبَلَ شَهَادَةَ مَنْ نَرْضَى " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، وَعَنِ الْمَعْتُوهِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ، وَعَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: أَجَازَهَا ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَدَّهَا "..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, 'from among your men' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282] indicates, and Allah knows best, that the testimony of children is not permissible in any matter; also because only adults, not those who have not reached puberty, are addressed with the obligations; and also because they are not among the witnesses who are approved of, and Allah Almighty has commanded us to accept the testimony only of those whom we approve of."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And it has been narrated to us from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that: The pen has been lifted from three: from the child until he reaches puberty, from the insane until he recovers, and from the sleeper until he wakes up."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Then if someone says that Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) declared it (the testimony of children) permissible, then (the reply is that) Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) rejected it."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And it has been narrated to us from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that: The pen has been lifted from three: from the child until he reaches puberty, from the insane until he recovers, and from the sleeper until he wakes up."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Then if someone says that Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) declared it (the testimony of children) permissible, then (the reply is that) Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) rejected it."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي شَهَادَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ: " لَا تَجُوزُ ".
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that the testimony of children is not permissible.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُوحَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خِمَيْرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ شَهَادَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: " إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: {مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ} [البقرة: ٢٨٢] وَلَيْسُوا مِمَّنْ نَرْضَى، لَا تَجُوزُ ".
Amr bin Dinar narrates from Ibn Abi Mulaykah (may Allah have mercy on him) that he wrote to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) asking about the testimony of children. He wrote in reply that Allah Almighty says: 'from among those whom you approve of as witnesses' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]. "These are not approved witnesses, so their testimony is not valid."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، بِمَكَّةَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، قَالَ: أَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ شَهَادَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ، فَقَالَ: " قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ} [البقرة: ٢٨٢] وَلَيْسُوا مِمَّنْ نَرْضَى "، قَالَ: فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَسْأَلُهُ، فَقَالَ: " بِالْحَرِيِّ إِنْ سُئِلُوا أَنْ يَصْدُقُوا "، قَالَ: فَمَا رَأَيْتُ الْقَضَاءَ إِلَّا عَلَى مَا قَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ".
Ibn Jurayj narrates from Abdullah bin Abi Mulaykah that he said: I sent a message to Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) to ask about the testimony of children. He replied that Allah Almighty says: 'from among those whom you approve of as witnesses' [Surah al-Baqarah: 282]. These are not among those whom we approve of.
I sent a message to Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him the same question. He said: "It is likely that if they are asked, they will tell the truth." He said: I have not seen judgment given except according to what Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said.
I sent a message to Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked him the same question. He said: "It is likely that if they are asked, they will tell the truth." He said: I have not seen judgment given except according to what Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، كَانَ يَقْضِي بِشَهَادَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ.
Hisham bin Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give judgment concerning injuries on the basis of the testimony of children.
