السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: : ما يفعل بشاهد الزور
What is done with a false witness
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أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أنبأ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِشَاهِدِ زُورٍ، فَوَقَفَهُ لِلنَّاسِ يَوْمًا إِلَى اللَّيْلِ يَقُولُ: " هَذَا فُلَانٌ، يَشْهَدُ بِزُورٍ فَاعْرِفُوهُ "، ثُمَّ حَبَسَهُ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ وَزَادَ فِيهِ: " فَجَلَدَهُ وَأَقَامَهُ لِلنَّاسِ ".
Abdullah bin Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A false witness was brought to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). He made him stand before the people for a day until nightfall, saying: "This is a false witness; recognise him." Then he imprisoned him.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ ظَهَرَ عَلَى شَاهِدِ زُورٍ فَضَرَبَهُ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ سَوْطًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " لَا تَأْسِرُوا النَّاسَ بِشُهُودِ الزُّورِ، فَإِنَّا لَا نَقْبَلُ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ إِلَّا الْعَدْلَ ".
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he gave a false witness eleven lashes, then said: "Do not imprison people on the strength of false witnesses, for we accept from witnesses only those who are upright."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خِمَيْرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا ابْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، وَعَطِيَّةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " ضَرَبَ شَاهِدَ الزُّورِ أَرْبَعِينَ سَوْطًا، وَسَخَمَ وَجْهَهُ، وَطَافَ بِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ".
Makhul and Atiyyah bin Qays narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he gave a false witness forty lashes, blackened his face and had him paraded around Madinah.
قَالَ: وَثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ فِي كُورِ الشَّامِ فِي شَاهِدِ الزُّورِ: " أَنْ يُجْلَدَ أَرْبَعِينَ، وَيُحْلَقَ رَأْسُهُ، وَيُسْخَمَ وَجْهُهُ، وَيُطَافَ بِهِ، وَيُطَالَ حَبْسُهُ ". هَاتَانِ الرِّوَايَتَانِ ضَعِيفَتَانِ وَمُنْقَطِعَتَانِ، وَالرِّوَايَتَانِ الْأُولَيَانِ مَوْصُولَتَانِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا مَنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْحُدُودِ الْحَدِيثَ الثَّابِتَ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ نِيَارٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: " لَا يُجْلَدْ فَوْقَ عَشْرِ جَلَدَاتٍ إِلَّا فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللهِ ". وَالْأَخْذُ بِهِ أَوْلَى، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
Makhul narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that he wrote to his governors in the districts of Syria concerning the false witness: that he be given forty lashes, his head be shaved, his face be blackened, he be paraded around, and he be imprisoned for a long time.
(b) Sayyiduna Abu Burdah bin Niyar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No more than ten lashes are to be given except in one of the hadd punishments of Allah."
These two reports are da'if (weak) and munqati' (broken-chained). The first two reports are connected, except that each of them contains a narrator who is not used as evidence, and Allah knows best. Acting upon the established hadith of Abu Burdah bin Niyar is more appropriate.
(b) Sayyiduna Abu Burdah bin Niyar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No more than ten lashes are to be given except in one of the hadd punishments of Allah."
These two reports are da'if (weak) and munqati' (broken-chained). The first two reports are connected, except that each of them contains a narrator who is not used as evidence, and Allah knows best. Acting upon the established hadith of Abu Burdah bin Niyar is more appropriate.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَامِينَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ حُسَيْنٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِذَا أَخَذَ شَاهِدَ زُورٍ بَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى عَشِيرَتِهِ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ هَذَا شَاهِدُ زُورٍ فَاعْرِفُوهُ، وَعَرِّفُوهُ " ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: قُلْتُ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ: هَلْ كَانَ فِيهِ ضَرْبٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا ". وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Ali bin Husayn (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whenever Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) caught a false witness, he would send him to his clan and say: "This is a false witness; recognise him, and make him known." Then he would let him go.
Abd al-Rahman said: I asked Ali bin Husayn (may Allah have mercy on him): "Was there any beating in it?" He said: "No."
This too is munqati' (broken-chained).
Abd al-Rahman said: I asked Ali bin Husayn (may Allah have mercy on him): "Was there any beating in it?" He said: "No."
This too is munqati' (broken-chained).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ جَعْدِ بْنِ ذَكْوَانَ، قَالَ: أُتِيَ شُرَيْحٌ بِشَاهِدِ زُورٍ، فَنَزَعَ عِمَامَتَهُ وَخَفَقَهُ خَفَقَاتٍ، وَعَرَفَهُ أَهْلُ الْمَسْجِدِ ".
Ja'd bin Dhakwan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A false witness was brought to Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him). He removed his turban, struck him a few light blows, and the people of the mosque came to know him.
وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ: " أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِشَاهِدِ الزُّورِ، فَيَطُوفُ بِهِ فِي أَهْلِ مَسْجِدِهِ وَسُوقِهِ فَيَقُولُ: " إِنَّا قَدْ زَيَّفْنَا شَهَادَةَ هَذَا ".
Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated from Abu Husayn (may Allah have mercy on him) that whenever a false witness was brought to Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him), he would have him paraded around the market and the mosque and say: "We have declared this man's testimony void."
