السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: نقض أهل العهد أو بعضهم العهد
The people of a covenant, or some of them, breaking the covenant
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي قِصَّةِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَمَا أَجْمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَكْرِ بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَحَصَرَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْهِ ". فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ عَهْدًا فَقَاتَلَهُمْ يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ غَدَا عَلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بِالْكَتَائِبِ وَتَرَكَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُعَاهِدُوهُ فَعَاهَدُوهُ فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ، وَغَدَا إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى الْجَلَاءِ فَهَذَا عَهْدُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ.
Abd al-Rahman bin Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from a Companion (may Allah be pleased with him) that in the story of Banu al-Nadir it is (mentioned) that they schemed against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The narrator says that in the morning the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) besieged them with an army and said to them: "You are not in a state of safety with me unless you remain upon this covenant of yours which you made with me." They refused to give a covenant, so he fought them. Then he went with the army towards Banu Qurayzah and left Banu al-Nadir. When he sought a covenant from Banu Qurayzah, they gave him a covenant; then he left Banu Qurayzah and went towards Banu al-Nadir. Then they agreed to go into exile. This was the covenant of Banu Qurayzah.
وَأَمَّا نَقْضُهُمُ الْعَهْدَ فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَهُوذَا، أَحَدُ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ قُرَيْظَةَ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ قَالُوا: كَانَ الَّذِينَ حَزَّبُوا الْأَحْزَابَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَنَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ، وَكَانَ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَكِنَانَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ، وَأَبُو عَمَّارٍ، وَمِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ حَيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ أَوْسِ اللهِ وَحْوَحُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَرِجَالٌ مِنْهُمْ خَرَجُوا حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَشِطُوا لِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ فِي خُرُوجِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَالْأَحْزَابُ قَالَ: وَخَرَجَ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ حَتَّى أَتَى كَعْبَ بْنَ أَسَدٍ صَاحِبَ عَقْدِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَعَهْدِهِمْ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِ كَعْبٌ أَغْلَقَ حِصْنَهُ دُونَهُ فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ يَا كَعْبُ افْتَحْ لِي حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَيْكَ، ⦗٣٨٩⦘ فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ يَا حُيِيُّ إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ مَشْئَومٌ وَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكَ وَلَا بِمَا جِئْتَنِي بِهِ إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَّا صِدْقًا وَوَفَاءً وَقَدْ وَادَعَنِي مُوَادَعَةً فَدَعْنِي وَارْجِعْ عَنِّي. فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ إِنْ غَلَّقْتَ دُونِي إِلَّا عَنْ خَشْيَتِكَ أَنْ آكُلَ مَعَكَ مِنْهَا فَاحْفَظْهُ، فَفَتَحَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ: وَيْحَكَ يَا كَعْبُ جِئْتُكَ بِعِزِّ الدَّهْرِ بِقُرَيْشٍ مَعَهَا قَادَتُهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلْتُهَا بِرَوْمَةَ وَجِئْتُكَ بِغَطَفَانَ عَلَى قَادَتِهَا وَسَادَتِهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلْتُهَا إِلَى جَانِبِ أُحُدٍ، جِئْتُكَ بِبَحْرٍ طَامٍّ لَا يَرُدُّهُ شَيْءٌ. فَقَالَ: جِئْتَنِي وَاللهِ بِالذُّلِّ وَيْلَكَ فَدَعْنِي وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكَ وَلَا بِمَا تَدْعُونِي إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ يَفْتِلُهُ فِي الذِّرْوَةِ وَالْغَارِبِ حَتَّى أَطَاعَ لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ حُيَيٌّ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ لَئِنْ رَجَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَغَطَفَانُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبُوا مُحَمَّدًا لَأَدْخُلَنَّ مَعَكَ فِي حِصْنِكَ حَتَّى يُصِيبَنِي مَا أَصَابَكَ، فَنَقَضَ كَعْبٌ الْعَهْدَ وَأَظْهَرَ الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَبَرُ كَعْبٍ وَنَقْضُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهمِ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، وَخَوَّاتَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ لِيَعْلَمُوا خَبَرَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَيْهِمْ وَجَدُوهُمْ عَلَى أَخْبَثِ مَا بَلَغَهُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ سَبَبِ إِسْلَامِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَأُسَيْدٍ ابْنَيْ سَعْيَةَ وَأَسَدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَنُزُولِهِمْ عَنْ حِصْنِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَإِسْلَامِهِمْ، وَخَرَجَ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ فِيمَا زَعَمَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سُعْدَى الْقُرَظِيُّ فَمَرَّ بِحَرَسِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سُعْدَى، وَكَانَ عَمْرٌو قَدْ أَبَى أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَعَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِي غَدْرِهِمْ وَقَالَ: لَا أَغْدِرُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ أَبَدًا، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ حِينَ عَرَفَهُ: اللهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنِي عَثَرَاتِ الْكِرَامِ، ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى بَاتَ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَذُكِرَ شَأْنُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ نَجَّاهُ اللهُ بِوَفَائِهِ " وَذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ حُيَيًّا لَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِمْ حَتَّى شَأَمَهُمْ فَاجْتَمَعَ مَلَؤُهُمْ عَلَى الْغَدْرِ عَلَى أَمْرِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ غَيْرَ أَسَدٍ وَأُسَيْدٍ وَثَعْلَبَةَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Muhammad bin Ka'b al-Qurazi and Uthman bin Yahudha, a man of Banu Amr bin Qurayzah, narrate from men of their people that people organized armies: a group of Banu al-Nadir and a group of Banu Wa'il; from Banu al-Nadir, Huyayy bin Akhtab, Kinanah bin al-Rabi' bin Abi al-Huqayq and Abu Ammar, and from Banu Wa'il (a clan of the Ansar from Aws Allah), Wahwah bin Amr and some men of their tribe. All of them together came to Quraysh, urging them to war against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then he mentioned the coming of Abu Sufyan bin Harb and the armies. And (Ka'b) heard the voice of Huyayy bin Akhtab and shut the gate of the fortress. Huyayy said: "O Ka'b! Woe to you, open the gate, I want to come in to you." Ka'b said: "O Huyayy bin Akhtab! You are an ill-omened man. I have no need of you, nor of what you have brought. I have seen that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) fulfils his promises; I have a treaty with him, so go back and leave me alone." Huyayy bin Akhtab said: "You have shut the gate (only because you fear) that I will eat porridge with you." He assured him of protection, so he opened the gate. When he went in to Ka'b, he said: "O Ka'b! I have brought you the glory of the age, Quraysh, with their leaders, and I have settled them at Rumah, and I have brought you the chiefs and leaders of Ghatafan and settled them beside Uhud. I have brought you a surging sea which nothing can hold back." Ka'b said: "You have brought me humiliation. Leave me and go away; I have no need of you or of what you invite me to." Huyayy bin Akhtab kept coaxing him until Ka'b accepted Huyayy's word, and Huyayy gave him a covenant and pledge that if Quraysh and Ghatafan left before killing Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), he would stay with him in the fortress, and whatever calamity and hardship befell him would befall him too. So Ka'b broke the covenant he had made with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and declared his disavowal.
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah says that when the news of Ka'b's breaking the covenant reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he sent Sa'd bin Ubadah, Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Khawwat bin Jubayr and Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with them) to verify the news, and the matter was just as the news had said.
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah narrates from a shaykh of Banu Qurayzah the reason for the acceptance of Islam of Tha'labah and Usayd, the sons of Sa'yah (may Allah be pleased with them both), and Asad bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him), and the reason for their coming down from the fortress of Banu Qurayzah. That night, when he came out of the fortress and passed by Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him), the guard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he asked: "Who is it?" He said: "I am Amr bin Su'da." Amr had excused himself from joining Banu Qurayzah in their treachery and said: "I will never break faith with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)." When Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) recognized him, he said: 'Allahumma la tahrimni 'atharat al-kiram' (O Allah, do not deprive me of (overlooking) the slips of noble people). Then he let him go, and he spent the night in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then it could not be known where he went. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of it, he said: "Allah has saved him because of his faithfulness."
Musa bin Uqbah says concerning this story that Huyayy bin Akhtab remained with them with his ill omen, but Asad, Usayd and Tha'labah (may Allah be pleased with them) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah says that when the news of Ka'b's breaking the covenant reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he sent Sa'd bin Ubadah, Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Khawwat bin Jubayr and Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with them) to verify the news, and the matter was just as the news had said.
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah narrates from a shaykh of Banu Qurayzah the reason for the acceptance of Islam of Tha'labah and Usayd, the sons of Sa'yah (may Allah be pleased with them both), and Asad bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him), and the reason for their coming down from the fortress of Banu Qurayzah. That night, when he came out of the fortress and passed by Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him), the guard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he asked: "Who is it?" He said: "I am Amr bin Su'da." Amr had excused himself from joining Banu Qurayzah in their treachery and said: "I will never break faith with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)." When Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) recognized him, he said: 'Allahumma la tahrimni 'atharat al-kiram' (O Allah, do not deprive me of (overlooking) the slips of noble people). Then he let him go, and he spent the night in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then it could not be known where he went. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of it, he said: "Allah has saved him because of his faithfulness."
Musa bin Uqbah says concerning this story that Huyayy bin Akhtab remained with them with his ill omen, but Asad, Usayd and Tha'labah (may Allah be pleased with them) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ فَارِسٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ يَهُودَ النَّضِيرِ وَقُرَيْظَةَ حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى حَارَبَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ⦗٣٩٠⦘ فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ وَقَسَمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Qurayzah waged war against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) exiled Banu al-Nadir and let Banu Qurayzah remain, and showed them kindness. When Banu Qurayzah waged war, their men were killed, and their women, wealth and children were divided among the Muslims, but some people joined the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), so he granted them safety and they accepted Islam.
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ نَقَضَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَاتَلَ كَانَ لِلْإِمَامِ قِتَالُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ، قَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ وَهُمْ فِي عَقْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَشَهِدُوا قِتَالَهُمْ فَغَزَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُرَيْشًا عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بِغَدْرِ النَّفَرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَتَرْكِ الْبَاقِينَ مَعُونَةَ خُزَاعَةَ، وَإِيوَائِهِمْ مَنْ قَاتَلَ خُزَاعَةَ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Likewise, if one man among them breaks the treaty and fights, the Imam may fight their whole group. Three men of Quraysh helped against Khuza'ah, while Khuza'ah were in the treaty of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and they took part in fighting them. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) marched against Quraysh in the year of the Conquest because of the treachery of those three men, and because the rest did not help Khuza'ah and gave shelter to those who had fought Khuza'ah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ جَمِيعًا، قَالَا: كَانَ فِي صُلْحِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّهُ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ دَخَلَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ دَخَلَ، فَتَوَاثَبُوا خُزَاعَةُ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نَدْخُلُ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ، وَتَوَاثَبَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نَدْخُلُ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ. فَمَكَثُوا فِي تِلْكَ الْهُدْنَةِ نَحْوَ السَّبْعَةَ أَوِ الثَّمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي بَكْرٍ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ وَثَبُوا عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ الَّذِينَ دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَهْدِهِ لَيْلًا بِمَاءٍ لَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْوَتِيرُ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: مَا يَعْلَمُ بِنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، وَهَذَا اللَّيْلُ وَمَا يَرَانَا أَحَدٌ. فَأَعَانُوهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ مَعَهُمْ لِلضَّغْنِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَالِمٍ رَكِبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ خُزَاعَةَ وَبَنِي بَكْرٍ بِالْوَتِيرِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُخْبِرُهُ الْخَبَرَ وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبْيَاتَ شِعْرٍ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْشَدَهُ إِيَّاهَا:.
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Marwan bin al-Hakam and al-Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that on the day of al-Hudaybiyah a peace treaty was made between the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Quraysh, that whoever wished could enter the covenant of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and whoever wished could enter the covenant and treaty of Quraysh. So Banu Khuza'ah entered the covenant and treaty of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Banu Bakr entered the covenant of Quraysh. They remained in that truce for about seventeen or eighteen months. Then Banu Bakr, who were in the covenant of Quraysh, attacked Banu Khuza'ah at a place called al-Watir, which was near Makkah. Quraysh said: "Tonight neither Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) nor anyone else can see us." So they helped Banu Bakr against Banu Khuza'ah with weapons, and out of their grudge against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) they themselves also fought alongside them. Then Amr bin Salim (may Allah be pleased with him) rode to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), gave him the news of Banu Khuza'ah, and on coming to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses:
"O Allah, I adjure Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) by my father and by his father, the men of wealth. We were the fathers and you were the child; then we accepted Islam and did not withdraw our hand. (O Allah,) grant the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) a clear victory. Call the servants of Allah; they will come to help. Among them is the Messenger of Allah, who has been left alone. If you look closely, his face is shining, in an army like the sea, raising dust. Quraysh have broken their promise to you and violated your firm covenant. They claim that we will call no one, while they are humiliated and few in number. They set an ambush for me at Kada'. We spent the night asleep to take our rest, and they fought us while we were bowing and prostrating."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Amr bin Salim, you have been helped." He stayed on until a cloud passed in the sky, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This cloud is a sign of help for Banu Ka'b." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to prepare, kept the plan of setting out secret, and prayed to Allah, the Lord of Might, that Quraysh would receive no news until their city was attacked.
"O Allah, I adjure Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) by my father and by his father, the men of wealth. We were the fathers and you were the child; then we accepted Islam and did not withdraw our hand. (O Allah,) grant the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) a clear victory. Call the servants of Allah; they will come to help. Among them is the Messenger of Allah, who has been left alone. If you look closely, his face is shining, in an army like the sea, raising dust. Quraysh have broken their promise to you and violated your firm covenant. They claim that we will call no one, while they are humiliated and few in number. They set an ambush for me at Kada'. We spent the night asleep to take our rest, and they fought us while we were bowing and prostrating."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Amr bin Salim, you have been helped." He stayed on until a cloud passed in the sky, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This cloud is a sign of help for Banu Ka'b." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to prepare, kept the plan of setting out secret, and prayed to Allah, the Lord of Might, that Quraysh would receive no news until their city was attacked.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَتَّابٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ مِنْ بَنِي الدِّيلِ أَغَارُوا عَلَى بَنِي كَعْبٍ وَهُمْ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانَتْ بَنُو كَعْبٍ فِي صُلْحِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَكَانَتْ بَنُو نُفَاثَةَ فِي صُلْحِ قُرَيْشٍ فَأَعَانَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ وَأَعَانَتْهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ بِالسِّلَاحِ وَالرَّقِيقِ وَاعْتَزَلَتْهُمْ بَنُو مُدْلِجٍ وَأَوْفَوْا بِالْعَهْدِ. قَالَ: وَيَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّ مِمَّنْ أَعَانَهُمْ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وَشَيْبَةَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، وَسُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، فَأَغَارَتْ بَنُو الدِّيلِ عَلَى بَنِي عَمْرٍو وَعَامَّتِهِمْ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ وَالصِّبْيَانَ وَضُعَفَاءَ الرِّجَالِ فَأَثْخَنُوهُمْ وَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى أَدْخَلُوهُمْ دَارَ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ وَرْقَاءَ بِمَكَّةَ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَكْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي كَعْبٍ حَتَّى أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَذَكَرُوا لَهُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ وَالَّذِي أَعَانُوا بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ جِهَازَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدُخُولَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ يا ِرَسُولِ اللهِ: أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مَخْرَجًا؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: لَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". قَالَ: أَفَتُرِيدُ أَهْلَ نَجْدٍ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ قُرَيْشًا؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مُدَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: " أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْكَ مَا صَنَعُوا بِبَنِي كَعْبٍ "؟ وَأَذَّنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْغَزْوِ وَأَمَّا الْحُكْمُ بَيْنَ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ فَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْحُدُودِ وَالْغَصْبِ وَغَيْرِهاِ.
Isma'il bin Ibrahim bin Uqbah narrates from his paternal uncle Musa bin Uqbah that Banu Nufathah, who are of Banu al-Dil, attacked Banu Ka'b while they were within the period of the treaty that was between the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Quraysh. Banu Ka'b were in the peace with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), while Banu Nufathah were with Quraysh. Banu Bakr helped Banu Nufathah, and Quraysh supported them with weapons and slaves, but Banu Mudlij kept apart and fulfilled the covenant. The narrator says: Safwan bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him), Shaybah bin Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) and Suhayl bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) helped them. Then Banu al-Dil attacked Banu Amr and their common people, shed the blood of women, children and weak men, and some of them entered the house of Budayl bin Warqa' (may Allah be pleased with him). The narrator says: A rider from Banu Ka'b came and told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) of their condition, and of the help Quraysh had given against them. Then he mentioned the preparations of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) coming in to him. The narrator says that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), do you intend to set out? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, I intend to fight." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Perhaps you intend the Romans. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Do you intend to fight the people of Najd? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have no intention of fighting them." He asked: Do you intend to fight Quraysh? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Is there not a treaty between you and them? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Have you not heard what they did to Banu Ka'b?" And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) announced jihad among the people.
