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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: نقض أهل العهد أو بعضهم العهد
Chapter: The people of a covenant, or some of them, breaking the covenant
Bayhaqi 18856 — The people of a covenant, or some of them, breaking
اُردوEn
وَأَمَّا نَقْضُهُمُ الْعَهْدَ فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَهُوذَا، أَحَدُ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ قُرَيْظَةَ، عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ قَالُوا: كَانَ الَّذِينَ حَزَّبُوا الْأَحْزَابَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَنَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ، وَكَانَ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَكِنَانَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ، وَأَبُو عَمَّارٍ، وَمِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ حَيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ أَوْسِ اللهِ وَحْوَحُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَرِجَالٌ مِنْهُمْ خَرَجُوا حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَشِطُوا لِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ فِي خُرُوجِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَالْأَحْزَابُ قَالَ: وَخَرَجَ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ حَتَّى أَتَى كَعْبَ بْنَ أَسَدٍ صَاحِبَ عَقْدِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَعَهْدِهِمْ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِ كَعْبٌ أَغْلَقَ حِصْنَهُ دُونَهُ فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ يَا كَعْبُ افْتَحْ لِي حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَيْكَ، ⦗٣٨٩⦘ فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ يَا حُيِيُّ إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ مَشْئَومٌ وَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكَ وَلَا بِمَا جِئْتَنِي بِهِ إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَّا صِدْقًا وَوَفَاءً وَقَدْ وَادَعَنِي مُوَادَعَةً فَدَعْنِي وَارْجِعْ عَنِّي. فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ إِنْ غَلَّقْتَ دُونِي إِلَّا عَنْ خَشْيَتِكَ أَنْ آكُلَ مَعَكَ مِنْهَا فَاحْفَظْهُ، فَفَتَحَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ: وَيْحَكَ يَا كَعْبُ جِئْتُكَ بِعِزِّ الدَّهْرِ بِقُرَيْشٍ مَعَهَا قَادَتُهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلْتُهَا بِرَوْمَةَ وَجِئْتُكَ بِغَطَفَانَ عَلَى قَادَتِهَا وَسَادَتِهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلْتُهَا إِلَى جَانِبِ أُحُدٍ، جِئْتُكَ بِبَحْرٍ طَامٍّ لَا يَرُدُّهُ شَيْءٌ. فَقَالَ: جِئْتَنِي وَاللهِ بِالذُّلِّ وَيْلَكَ فَدَعْنِي وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكَ وَلَا بِمَا تَدْعُونِي إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ يَفْتِلُهُ فِي الذِّرْوَةِ وَالْغَارِبِ حَتَّى أَطَاعَ لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ حُيَيٌّ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ لَئِنْ رَجَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَغَطَفَانُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبُوا مُحَمَّدًا لَأَدْخُلَنَّ مَعَكَ فِي حِصْنِكَ حَتَّى يُصِيبَنِي مَا أَصَابَكَ، فَنَقَضَ كَعْبٌ الْعَهْدَ وَأَظْهَرَ الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَبَرُ كَعْبٍ وَنَقْضُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهمِ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، وَخَوَّاتَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ لِيَعْلَمُوا خَبَرَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَيْهِمْ وَجَدُوهُمْ عَلَى أَخْبَثِ مَا بَلَغَهُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ سَبَبِ إِسْلَامِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَأُسَيْدٍ ابْنَيْ سَعْيَةَ وَأَسَدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَنُزُولِهِمْ عَنْ حِصْنِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَإِسْلَامِهِمْ، وَخَرَجَ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ فِيمَا زَعَمَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سُعْدَى الْقُرَظِيُّ فَمَرَّ بِحَرَسِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سُعْدَى، وَكَانَ عَمْرٌو قَدْ أَبَى أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَعَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِي غَدْرِهِمْ وَقَالَ: لَا أَغْدِرُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ أَبَدًا، فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ حِينَ عَرَفَهُ: اللهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنِي عَثَرَاتِ الْكِرَامِ، ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى بَاتَ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَذُكِرَ شَأْنُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ نَجَّاهُ اللهُ بِوَفَائِهِ " وَذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ حُيَيًّا لَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِمْ حَتَّى شَأَمَهُمْ فَاجْتَمَعَ مَلَؤُهُمْ عَلَى الْغَدْرِ عَلَى أَمْرِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ غَيْرَ أَسَدٍ وَأُسَيْدٍ وَثَعْلَبَةَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Muhammad bin Ka'b al-Qurazi and Uthman bin Yahudha, a man of Banu Amr bin Qurayzah, narrate from men of their people that people organized armies: a group of Banu al-Nadir and a group of Banu Wa'il; from Banu al-Nadir, Huyayy bin Akhtab, Kinanah bin al-Rabi' bin Abi al-Huqayq and Abu Ammar, and from Banu Wa'il (a clan of the Ansar from Aws Allah), Wahwah bin Amr and some men of their tribe. All of them together came to Quraysh, urging them to war against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then he mentioned the coming of Abu Sufyan bin Harb and the armies. And (Ka'b) heard the voice of Huyayy bin Akhtab and shut the gate of the fortress. Huyayy said: "O Ka'b! Woe to you, open the gate, I want to come in to you." Ka'b said: "O Huyayy bin Akhtab! You are an ill-omened man. I have no need of you, nor of what you have brought. I have seen that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) fulfils his promises; I have a treaty with him, so go back and leave me alone." Huyayy bin Akhtab said: "You have shut the gate (only because you fear) that I will eat porridge with you." He assured him of protection, so he opened the gate. When he went in to Ka'b, he said: "O Ka'b! I have brought you the glory of the age, Quraysh, with their leaders, and I have settled them at Rumah, and I have brought you the chiefs and leaders of Ghatafan and settled them beside Uhud. I have brought you a surging sea which nothing can hold back." Ka'b said: "You have brought me humiliation. Leave me and go away; I have no need of you or of what you invite me to." Huyayy bin Akhtab kept coaxing him until Ka'b accepted Huyayy's word, and Huyayy gave him a covenant and pledge that if Quraysh and Ghatafan left before killing Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), he would stay with him in the fortress, and whatever calamity and hardship befell him would befall him too. So Ka'b broke the covenant he had made with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and declared his disavowal.
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah says that when the news of Ka'b's breaking the covenant reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he sent Sa'd bin Ubadah, Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Khawwat bin Jubayr and Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with them) to verify the news, and the matter was just as the news had said.
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah narrates from a shaykh of Banu Qurayzah the reason for the acceptance of Islam of Tha'labah and Usayd, the sons of Sa'yah (may Allah be pleased with them both), and Asad bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him), and the reason for their coming down from the fortress of Banu Qurayzah. That night, when he came out of the fortress and passed by Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him), the guard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he asked: "Who is it?" He said: "I am Amr bin Su'da." Amr had excused himself from joining Banu Qurayzah in their treachery and said: "I will never break faith with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)." When Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) recognized him, he said: 'Allahumma la tahrimni 'atharat al-kiram' (O Allah, do not deprive me of (overlooking) the slips of noble people). Then he let him go, and he spent the night in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then it could not be known where he went. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of it, he said: "Allah has saved him because of his faithfulness."
Musa bin Uqbah says concerning this story that Huyayy bin Akhtab remained with them with his ill omen, but Asad, Usayd and Tha'labah (may Allah be pleased with them) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah says that when the news of Ka'b's breaking the covenant reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he sent Sa'd bin Ubadah, Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Khawwat bin Jubayr and Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with them) to verify the news, and the matter was just as the news had said.
Ibn Ishaq says: Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah narrates from a shaykh of Banu Qurayzah the reason for the acceptance of Islam of Tha'labah and Usayd, the sons of Sa'yah (may Allah be pleased with them both), and Asad bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him), and the reason for their coming down from the fortress of Banu Qurayzah. That night, when he came out of the fortress and passed by Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him), the guard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he asked: "Who is it?" He said: "I am Amr bin Su'da." Amr had excused himself from joining Banu Qurayzah in their treachery and said: "I will never break faith with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)." When Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) recognized him, he said: 'Allahumma la tahrimni 'atharat al-kiram' (O Allah, do not deprive me of (overlooking) the slips of noble people). Then he let him go, and he spent the night in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then it could not be known where he went. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of it, he said: "Allah has saved him because of his faithfulness."
Musa bin Uqbah says concerning this story that Huyayy bin Akhtab remained with them with his ill omen, but Asad, Usayd and Tha'labah (may Allah be pleased with them) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
