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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: نقض أهل العهد أو بعضهم العهد
Chapter: The people of a covenant, or some of them, breaking the covenant
Bayhaqi 18859 — The people of a covenant, or some of them, breaking
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ جَمِيعًا، قَالَا: كَانَ فِي صُلْحِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّهُ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ دَخَلَ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ دَخَلَ، فَتَوَاثَبُوا خُزَاعَةُ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نَدْخُلُ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ، وَتَوَاثَبَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نَدْخُلُ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ. فَمَكَثُوا فِي تِلْكَ الْهُدْنَةِ نَحْوَ السَّبْعَةَ أَوِ الثَّمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي بَكْرٍ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ وَثَبُوا عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ الَّذِينَ دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَهْدِهِ لَيْلًا بِمَاءٍ لَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْوَتِيرُ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: مَا يَعْلَمُ بِنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، وَهَذَا اللَّيْلُ وَمَا يَرَانَا أَحَدٌ. فَأَعَانُوهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ مَعَهُمْ لِلضَّغْنِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَالِمٍ رَكِبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ خُزَاعَةَ وَبَنِي بَكْرٍ بِالْوَتِيرِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُخْبِرُهُ الْخَبَرَ وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبْيَاتَ شِعْرٍ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْشَدَهُ إِيَّاهَا:.
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Marwan bin al-Hakam and al-Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that on the day of al-Hudaybiyah a peace treaty was made between the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Quraysh, that whoever wished could enter the covenant of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and whoever wished could enter the covenant and treaty of Quraysh. So Banu Khuza'ah entered the covenant and treaty of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Banu Bakr entered the covenant of Quraysh. They remained in that truce for about seventeen or eighteen months. Then Banu Bakr, who were in the covenant of Quraysh, attacked Banu Khuza'ah at a place called al-Watir, which was near Makkah. Quraysh said: "Tonight neither Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) nor anyone else can see us." So they helped Banu Bakr against Banu Khuza'ah with weapons, and out of their grudge against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) they themselves also fought alongside them. Then Amr bin Salim (may Allah be pleased with him) rode to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), gave him the news of Banu Khuza'ah, and on coming to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses:
"O Allah, I adjure Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) by my father and by his father, the men of wealth. We were the fathers and you were the child; then we accepted Islam and did not withdraw our hand. (O Allah,) grant the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) a clear victory. Call the servants of Allah; they will come to help. Among them is the Messenger of Allah, who has been left alone. If you look closely, his face is shining, in an army like the sea, raising dust. Quraysh have broken their promise to you and violated your firm covenant. They claim that we will call no one, while they are humiliated and few in number. They set an ambush for me at Kada'. We spent the night asleep to take our rest, and they fought us while we were bowing and prostrating."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Amr bin Salim, you have been helped." He stayed on until a cloud passed in the sky, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This cloud is a sign of help for Banu Ka'b." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to prepare, kept the plan of setting out secret, and prayed to Allah, the Lord of Might, that Quraysh would receive no news until their city was attacked.
"O Allah, I adjure Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) by my father and by his father, the men of wealth. We were the fathers and you were the child; then we accepted Islam and did not withdraw our hand. (O Allah,) grant the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) a clear victory. Call the servants of Allah; they will come to help. Among them is the Messenger of Allah, who has been left alone. If you look closely, his face is shining, in an army like the sea, raising dust. Quraysh have broken their promise to you and violated your firm covenant. They claim that we will call no one, while they are humiliated and few in number. They set an ambush for me at Kada'. We spent the night asleep to take our rest, and they fought us while we were bowing and prostrating."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Amr bin Salim, you have been helped." He stayed on until a cloud passed in the sky, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This cloud is a sign of help for Banu Ka'b." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the people to prepare, kept the plan of setting out secret, and prayed to Allah, the Lord of Might, that Quraysh would receive no news until their city was attacked.
