السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: نزول سورة الفتح على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مرجعه من الحديبية
The revelation of Surah al-Fath to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on his return from al-Hudaybiyah
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الشَّامَاتِيُّ، ثنا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَبُو الْأَشْعَثِ، قَالَا: ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا لِيَغْفِرَ لَكَ اللهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ} [الفتح: ٢] مَرْجِعَهُمْ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَهُمْ يُخَالِطُهُمُ الْحُزْنُ وَالْكَابَةُ، وَقَدْ نُحِرَ الْهَدْيُ فَقَالَ: " لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ آيَاتٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا ". فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا يَفْعَلُ اللهُ بِكَ فَمَا يَفْعَلُ بِنَا؟ قَالَ: فَنَزَلَتْ: {لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ} [الفتح: ٥] حَتَّى بَلَغَ رَأْسَ الْآيَةِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) says that when this verse was revealed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): [Surah al-Fath: 1-2] "Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory, so that Allah may forgive you your former and later sins," when he (peace and blessings be upon him) was returning from al-Hudaybiyyah, there was grief and distress. He (peace and blessings be upon him) slaughtered the sacrificial animals and said: "This verse that has been revealed to me is dearer to me than the whole world." The Companions said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! What will Allah do with us and with you? Then this verse was revealed: [Surah al-Fath: 5] "That Allah will admit the believing men and the believing women into gardens beneath which rivers flow," until he recited the complete verse.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَافِظَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَرُوبَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ {إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا} [الفتح: ١]، قَالَ: فَتْحُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَذَا لَكَ فَمَا لَنَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ} [الفتح: ٥]. قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: فَقَدِمْتُ الْكُوفَةَ فَحَدَّثْتُهُمْ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَدِمْتُ الْبَصْرَةَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِقَتَادَةَ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الْأَوَّلُ فَعَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَأَمَّا الثَّانِي {لِيُدْخِلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ} [الفتح: ٥] فَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُمَرَ.
Qatadah narrates from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that "Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory" [Surah al-Fath: 1] refers to the victory of al-Hudaybiyyah. A man said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Congratulations! This is for you, but what is for us?" So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "That He may admit the believing men and the believing women into gardens beneath which rivers flow" [Surah al-Fath: 5]. Shu'bah says: I came to Kufa and narrated it to them from Qatadah from Anas; then I came to Basra and mentioned that to Qatadah, and he said: The first words are those of Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), and the second words, that is the verse: "That He may admit the believing men and the believing women into gardens beneath which rivers flow" [Surah al-Fath: 5], are reported from Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him).
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عِيسَى، ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ سِيَاهٍ، ح قَالَ: ⦗٣٧٣⦘ وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، نا أَبُو يَعْلَى، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ سِيَاهٍ، ثنا حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، قَالَ: قَامَ سَهْلُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّهِمُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، لَقَدْ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَلَوْ نَرَى قِتَالًا لَقَاتَلْنَا، وَذَلِكَ فِي الصُّلْحِ الَّذِي كَانَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قَالَ: فَأَتَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَسْنَا عَلَى حَقٍّ وَهُمْ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ؟ قَالَ: " بَلَى "، قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاهُمْ فِي النَّارِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَفِيمَ نُعْطِي الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي أَنْفُسِنَا وَنَرْجِعُ وَلَمَّا يَحْكُمِ اللهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: " يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَنْ يُضَيِّعَنِي اللهُ ". قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَلَمْ يَصْبِرْ مُتَغَيِّظًا فَأَتَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَلَسْنَا عَلَى حَقٍّ وَهُمْ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاهُمْ فِي النَّارِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَعَلَامَ نُعْطِي الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا وَنَرْجِعُ وَلَمَّا يَحْكُمِ اللهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ، وَلَنْ يُضَيِّعَهُ اللهُ أَبَدًا. قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَأَقْرَأَهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَوَفَتْحٌ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: فَطَابَتْ نَفْسُهُ وَرَجَعَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَمَا كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَتْحٌ أَعْظَمَ مِنْهُ، كَانَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَدْ أَجْحَرَتِ النَّاسَ، فَلَمَّا آمَنُوا لَمْ يُكَلَّمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ أَحَدٌ يَعْقِلُ إِلَّا قَبِلَهُ، فَلَقَدْ أَسْلَمَ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْهُدْنَةِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.
Abu Wa'il (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Sahl bin Hunayf (may Allah be pleased with him) said on the day of Siffin: O people! Hold yourselves to blame. We were present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at al-Hudaybiyyah. Had there been fighting, we would certainly have fought, but this was a peace treaty between the Muslims and the polytheists. At that time Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Are we not upon the truth and they upon falsehood? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We are upon the truth and the enemy is upon falsehood." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Will our slain not go to Paradise and their slain to Hell? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Our slain are in Paradise and theirs are in Hell." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then why are we showing weakness, when it is Allah who will judge between us and them? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Ibn al-Khattab! I am the Messenger of Allah, and Allah will not abandon me." The narrator says that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), in a state of anger, went to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: O Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)! Are we not upon the truth and they upon falsehood? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We are upon the truth and they are upon falsehood. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Will our slain not go to Paradise and theirs to Hell? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Our slain are in Paradise and theirs are in Hell. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then why are we showing weakness in our religion, when Allah has not yet even judged between us and them? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Ibn al-Khattab! He is the Prophet of Allah, and Allah will not abandon him. The narrator says that Allah revealed the Qur'an, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and recited it to him. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Is this a victory? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is a victory." The narrator says: Then he went back happily.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: There was no victory in Islam greater than this, when the fighting among the people came to an end. After that no sensible person heard the call of Islam without accepting it; in the two years of the truce more people became Muslim than had become Muslim before it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: There was no victory in Islam greater than this, when the fighting among the people came to an end. After that no sensible person heard the call of Islam without accepting it; in the two years of the truce more people became Muslim than had become Muslim before it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، فِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَفِيهَا مُدْرَجًا: ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَاجِعًا، فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ الْفَتْحِ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا إِلَى آخِرِهَا {إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا} [الفتح: ١] فَكَانَتِ الْقَضِيَّةُ فِي سُورَةِ الْفَتْحِ وَمَا ذَكَرَ اللهُ مِنْ بَيْعَةِ رَسُولِهِ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَلَمَّا أَمِنَ النَّاسُ وَتَفَاوَضُوا لَمْ يُكَلَّمْ أَحَدٌ بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا دَخَلَ فِيهِ، وَلَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي تَيْنِكَ السَّنَتَيْنِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا كَانَ فِيهِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ صُلْحُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَتْحًا عَظِيمًا.
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with them both) that it is recorded in (the account of) al-Hudaybiyyah that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turned back and was still between Makkah and Madinah, Surah al-Fath was revealed in full: "Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory" [Surah al-Fath: 1]. This decision is in Surah al-Fath, namely the Companions' pledge to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) beneath the tree. When all the people came to be at peace, no one spoke about Islam, but whoever heard about Islam would certainly accept it. Within those two years more people entered Islam, and the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah was a great victory.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ، أنبأ إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: تَعُدُّونَ أَنْتُمُ الْفَتْحَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ فِينَا فَتْحًا، وَنَعُدُّ نَحْنُ الْفَتْحَ ⦗٣٧٤⦘ بَيْعَةَ الرِّضْوَانِ، نَزَلْنَا يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَهِيَ بِئْرٌ، فَوَجَدْنَا النَّاسَ قَدْ نَزَحُوهَا فَلَمْ يَدَعُوا فِيهَا قَطْرَةً، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَعَا بِدَلْوٍ فَنَزَعَ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ بِفِيهِ فَمَجَّهُ فِيهَا، وَدَعَا اللهَ فَكَثُرَ مَاؤُهَا حَتَّى صَدَرْنَا وَرَكَائِبُنَا، وَنَحْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ مِائَةً. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ.
Sayyiduna al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him) says: You count the conquest of Makkah as the great victory, whereas in our view the conquest of Makkah was an ordinary victory, but the victory of the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah was great. At the place of al-Hudaybiyyah there was a well whose water the people had drawn out until it was finished. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was told, he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the edge of the well, drew out a bucket of water, then took some of the water and rinsed his mouth into the well, and supplicated to Allah. The water became so plentiful that we drank our fill and watered our mounts, and we numbered fourteen hundred.
