السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: الزيادة على الدينار بالصلح
Increasing beyond one dinar by treaty
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ، ثنا نَافِعٌ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ أَنْ لَا يَضَعُوا الْجِزْيَةَ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ أَوْ مَرَّتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَوَاسِي، وَجِزْيَتُهُمْ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَرْبَعَةُ دَنَانِيرَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ مُدَّيْنِ، وَثَلَاثَةُ أَقْسَاطِ زَيْتٍ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ كُلَّ شَهْرٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِرْدَبٌّ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ كُلَّ شَهْرٍ، وَمِنَ الْوَدَكِ وَالْعَسَلِ شَيْءٌ لَمْ نَحْفَظْهُ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْبَزِّ الَّتِي كَانَ يَكْسُوَهَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ النَّاسَ شَيْءٌ لَمْ نَحْفَظْهُ، وَيُضَيِّفُونَ مَنْ نَزَلَ ⦗٣٢٩⦘ بِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَا يَضْرِبُ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ، وَكَانَ يَخْتِمُ فِي أَعْنَاقِ رِجَالِ أَهْلِ الْجِزْيَةِ.
Aslam (may Allah have mercy on him), the freed slave of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), says that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to the governors over the people of jizyah that they should impose the jizyah only on those over whom razors had passed (that is, adults). Their jizyah is 40 dirhams on those who deal in silver and 4 dinars on those who deal in gold. Upon them also are provisions for the Muslims: two mudds of wheat and three qists of oil for each person every month, for those of the people of Sham and al-Jazirah; and for those of the people of Egypt, an irdabb (an Egyptian measure equal to 24 sa') for each person every month, and some fat and honey, the amount of which we have not memorised. Upon them is also some of the cloth with which the Commander of the Believers used to clothe the people, the amount of which we have not memorised. They are to host those of the people of Islam who stop with them for three days, and upon the people of Iraq are 15 sa' for each person. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not impose the jizyah on women, and he used to put seals on the necks of the men of the people of jizyah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ أَنْ لَا يَضْرِبُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَلَا يَضْرِبُوهَا إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَوَاسِي، وَيَخْتِمَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ، وَيَجْعَلَ جِزْيَتَهُمْ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مِنْهُمْ مُدَّيْ حِنْطَةٍ، وَثَلَاثَةَ أَقْسَاطِ زَيْتٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِرْدَبَّ حِنْطَةٍ وَكِسْوَةً وَعَسَلًا، لَا يَحْفَظُهُ نَافِعٌ كَمْ ذَلِكَ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا حِنْطَةً. قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ: وَذَكَرَ كِسْوَةً لَا أَحْفَظُهَا.
Aslam, the freed slave of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), says that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to his officials not to impose the jizyah on women and children, and to impose it only on those over whom razors had passed (that is, adults), to put seals on their necks, and to levy their jizyah per head: on those who deal in silver 40 dirhams, along with provisions for the Muslims; on those who deal in gold 4 dinars; on those of them in Sham two mudds of wheat and three qists of oil; and on the people of Egypt an irdabb (an Egyptian measure equal to twenty-four sa') of wheat, clothing and honey. Nafi' did not remember how much that was. And on the people of Iraq 15 sa' of wheat. Ubaydullah says: He also mentioned clothing, which I did not remember.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ نَاصِرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَكَمُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَيْمُونٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ فجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْفُسْطَاطِ يَقُولُ: وَاللهِ لَئنْ وَضَعْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ جَرِيبٍ مِنْ أَرْضٍ دِرْهَمًا وَقَفِيزًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، وَزِدْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ رَأْسٍ دِرْهَمَيْنِ لَا يَشُقُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُجْهِدُهُمْ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَكَانَ ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ فَجَعَلَهَا خَمْسِينَ وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ إِذَا اسْتَغْنَى أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ زَادَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِذَا افْتَقَرُوا وَضَعَ عَنْهُمْ، وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Amr bin Maymun (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that Uthman bin Hunayf (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him and began speaking to him from behind the tent, saying: By Allah, if you were to impose on every jarib of land one dirham and one qafiz of food, and add two dirhams on every head, that would not be hard for them nor overburden them. He said: Yes. It had been 48 dirhams, and he made it 50.
(b) Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), when the people of the Sawad became wealthy, would increase their jizyah, and when they became poor, he would reduce it.
This is munqati' (broken).
(b) Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), when the people of the Sawad became wealthy, would increase their jizyah, and when they became poor, he would reduce it.
This is munqati' (broken).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قَالَ: وَضَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، يَعْنِي فِي الْجِزْيَةِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الرِّجَالِ، عَلَى الْغَنِيِّ ثَمَانِيَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَعَلَى الْوَسَطِ أَرْبَعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ، وَعَلَى الْفَقِيرِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ عَنْ أَبِي مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مُرْسَلٌ.
Abu Awn Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Thaqafi says that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed the jizyah on the people: on the wealthy 48 dirhams, on the person of middle means 24 dirhams and on the poor 12 dirhams.
Qatadah likewise narrated it from Abu Makhlad, from Umar, and both are mursal.
Qatadah likewise narrated it from Abu Makhlad, from Umar, and both are mursal.
