السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: الضيافة في الصلح
Hospitality as a treaty condition
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قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُنْقَطِعًا، أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَصَارَى أَيْلَةَ جِزْيَةً دِينَارًا عَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ، وَضِيَافَةَ مَنْ مَرَّ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَالِاعْتِمَادُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا..
The hadith of Abu al-Huwayrith from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), with a broken (munqati') chain, has already passed: that he (peace and blessings be upon him) fixed on the Christians of Aylah a jizyah of one dinar on each person, and that they should host whichever Muslim passed by them.
And the reliance in this matter is on the (narration that follows).
And the reliance in this matter is on the (narration that follows).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ضَرَبَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَضِيَافَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ.
Nafi' narrates from Aslam, the freed slave of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed a jizyah of four dinars on those who deal in gold and a jizyah of forty dirhams on those who deal in silver, and along with that he also fixed provisions for the Muslims and three days of hospitality.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ ضِيَافَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَمَنْ حَبَسَهُ مَرَضٌ أَوْ مَطَرٌ أَنْفَقَ مِنْ مَالِهِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ أَسْلَمَ بِضِيَافَةِ ثَلَاثٍ أَشْبَهُ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَعَلَ الضِّيَافَةَ ثَلَاثًا، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَعَلَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ ثَلَاثًا، وَعَلَى قَوْمٍ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى آخَرِينَ ضِيَافَةً، كَمَا يَخْتَلِفُ صُلْحُهُ لَهُمْ، فَلَا يَرُدُّ بَعْضُ الْحَدِيثِ بَعْضًا.
Harithah bin Mudarrib says that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed on the people of the Sawad the hospitality of one day and night, and whoever is held back by illness or rain should spend from his own wealth.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The hadith of Aslam mentions three days of hospitality, (in line with the fact) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "fixed hospitality at three days." It is also possible that he fixed three days for some, a day and night for others, and did not fix any hospitality at all for some. Therefore, some hadiths do not refute others.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The hadith of Aslam mentions three days of hospitality, (in line with the fact) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "fixed hospitality at three days." It is also possible that he fixed three days for some, a day and night for others, and did not fix any hospitality at all for some. Therefore, some hadiths do not refute others.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ بِهَا، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أنبأ مُسْلِمٌ، ثنا هِشَامٌ، ثنا قَتَادَةُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ ضِيَافَةَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، وَأَنْ يُصْلِحُوا قَنَاطِرَ، وَإِنْ قُتِلَ بَيْنَهُمْ قَتِيلٌ فَعَلَيْهِمْ دِيَتُهُ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ هِشَامٍ: وَإِنْ قُتِلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَرْضِهِمْ فَعَلَيْهِمْ دِيَتُهُ.
Al-Ahnaf bin Qays (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) used to stipulate for the dhimmis the hospitality of one day and night, and that they repair bridges; and if someone was killed among them, they would pay his blood money.
Another narrator reported from Hisham (may Allah have mercy on him): If a man of the Muslims is killed in their land, they shall pay his blood money.
Another narrator reported from Hisham (may Allah have mercy on him): If a man of the Muslims is killed in their land, they shall pay his blood money.
