السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من أسلم على شيء فهو له
Whoever accepts Islam while holding something, it is his
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أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، ثنا هِشَامٌ، ح وَأنبأ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خُرَيْمٍ، ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثنا يَاسِينُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الزَّيَّاتُ، ⦗١٩١⦘ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ ". يَاسِينُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الزَّيَّاتُ كُوفِيٌّ ضَعِيفٌ جَرَحَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَالْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا يُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا، وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَكَأَنَّ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِلْكُهُ فَهُوَ لَهُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever accepts Islam while holding something, it is his."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If his ownership of it is valid for him, then it is his."
Yasin bin Mu'adh al-Zayyat is a Kufan and da'if (weak); Yahya bin Ma'in, al-Bukhari and other hadith masters criticised him. This hadith is only narrated from Ibn Abi Mulaykah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal, and from Urwah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If his ownership of it is valid for him, then it is his."
Yasin bin Mu'adh al-Zayyat is a Kufan and da'if (weak); Yahya bin Ma'in, al-Bukhari and other hadith masters criticised him. This hadith is only narrated from Ibn Abi Mulaykah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal, and from Urwah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، قَالَ: قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَمَا قَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ لِلْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ حِينَ قَالَ لَهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ: أَخِّرْ يَدَكَ عَنْ لِحْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: أَيْ غُدَرُ أَوَلَسْتُ أَسْعَى فِي غَدْرَتِكَ قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ صَحِبَ قَوْمًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَأَخَذَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَأَسْلَمَ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّا الْإِسْلَامُ فَأَقْبَلُ وَأَمَّا الْمَالُ فَلَسْتُ مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ ". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَإِنَّمَا امْتَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ تَخْمِيسِهِ فِيمَا رَوَى يُونُسُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ مَالُ غَدْرٍ، وَفِيمَا رَوَى عَقِيلٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا نَخْمُسُ مَالًا أُخِذَ غَصْبًا ". فَتَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَالَ فِي يَدَيِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ دِلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَمْلِكُهُ بِالْأَخْذِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna al-Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with them both) said, concerning the story of al-Hudaybiyah, that Urwah bin Mas'ud al-Thaqafi spoke to Sayyiduna al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) when Sayyiduna al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) had said to Urwah: "Keep your hand away from the beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." He said: "O treacherous one! Did I not settle (the consequences of) your treachery?" Sayyiduna al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him), in the time of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), had accompanied some people, then killed them and took their wealth, and then came and accepted Islam. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for the Islam, I accept it; but as for the wealth, I have nothing to do with it."
The Shaykh said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) refrained from (taking) the khumus (one-fifth). Yunus narrates from Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) that it was wealth gained by treachery. Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We do not take the khumus from wealth taken by usurpation." (That is, the fifth share.) So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left that wealth in the hands of Sayyiduna al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him). This hadith indicates that he became its owner by taking it.
The Shaykh said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) refrained from (taking) the khumus (one-fifth). Yunus narrates from Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) that it was wealth gained by treachery. Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We do not take the khumus from wealth taken by usurpation." (That is, the fifth share.) So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left that wealth in the hands of Sayyiduna al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him). This hadith indicates that he became its owner by taking it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو شَيْخٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ أَعْيَنَ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ: " لَهُمْ مَا أَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَعَبِيدِهِمْ وَدِيَارِهِمْ وَأَرْضِهِمْ وَمَاشِيَتِهِمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ إِلَّا الصَّدَقَةُ ".
Sulayman bin Buraydah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the people of the covenant (ahl al-dhimmah): "They are entitled to whatever they had when they accepted Islam: wealth, slaves, houses, land, livestock and the like. Nothing is due from them on it except zakah."
