السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: الحربي يدخل بأمان وله مال في دار الحرب ثم يسلم أو يسلم في دار الحرب
A hostile disbeliever who enters under protection while he has property in enemy territory, then accepts Islam, or accepts Islam in enemy territory
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: أَسْلَمَ ابْنَا سَعْيَةَ الْقُرَظِيَّانِ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُحَاصِرٌ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَأَحْرَزَ لَهُمَا إِسْلَامُهُمَا أَنْفُسَهُمَا وَأَمْوَالَهُمَا مِنَ النَّخْلِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The two sons of Sa'yah al-Qurazi accepted Islam while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was besieging Banu Qurayzah, and their Islam secured their lives and their property, that is, their date-palm orchards, land and other things."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ يَهُودَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقُرَيْظَةَ، حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى حَارَبَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ، وَقَسَمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَآمَنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayzah waged war against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) exiled Banu al-Nadir, while he let Banu Qurayzah stay and showed them favour, but later Banu Qurayzah fought against him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) killed their men and divided their women, property and children among the Muslims, except for those who joined the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); he gave them protection, and they accepted Islam.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هَلْ تَدْرِي عَمَّ كَانَ إِسْلَامُ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَأُسَيْدٍ ابْنَيْ سَعْيَةَ، وَأَسَدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ نَفَرٌ مِنْ هُدَلَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَلَا نَضِيرٍ كَانُوا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا. قَالَ: فَإِنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الشَّامِ مِنْ يَهُودَ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الْهَيْبَانِ فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَنَا، وَاللهِ مَا رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا قَطُّ لَا يُصَلِّي الْخَمْسَ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَنَتَيْنِ، فَكُنَّا إِذَا قَحَطْنَا وَقَلَّ عَلَيْنَا الْمَطَرُ نَقُولُ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ الْهَيْبَانِ اخْرُجْ فَاسْتَسْقِ لَنَا، فَيَقُولُ: لَا وَاللهِ حَتَّى تُقَدِّمُوا أَمَامَ مَخْرَجِكُمْ صَدَقَةً، فَنَقُولُ: كَمْ نُقَدِّمُ؟ فَيَقُولُ: صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى ظَاهِرَةِ حَرَّتِنَا وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ فَيَسْتَسْقِي، فَوَاللهِ مَا يَقُومُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ حَتَّى تُمَرَّ الشِّعَابُ، قَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ لَا مَرَّتَيْنِ وَلَا ثَلَاثَةً، فَحَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ فَاجْتَمَعْنَا إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ مَا تَرَوْنَهُ أَخْرَجَنِي مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْخَمِيرِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْبُؤْسِ وَالْجُوعِ؟ فَقُلْنَا: أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَخْرَجَنِي أَتَوَقَّعُ خُرُوجَ نَبِيٍّ قَدْ أَظَلَّ زَمَانُهُ، هَذِهِ الْبِلَادُ مُهَاجَرُهُ، فَأَتَّبِعُهُ فَلَا تُسْبَقُنَّ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا خَرَجَ يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، فَإِنَّهُ يَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَيَسْبِي الذَّرَارِيَّ وَالنِّسَاءَ مِمَّنْ خَالَفَهُ، فَلَا يَمْنَعْكُمْ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ. ثُمَّ مَاتَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي افْتُتِحَتْ فِيهَا قُرَيْظَةُ قَالَ أُولَئِكَ الْفِتْيَةُ الثَّلَاثَةُ، وَكَانُوا شُبَّانًا أَحْدَاثًا: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ لَلَّذِي كَانَ ذَكَرَ لَكُمُ ابْنُ الْهَيبَانِ. قَالُوا: مَا هُوَ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى وَاللهِ لَهُوَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ، إِنَّهُ وَاللهِ لَهُوَ لِصِفَتِهِ. ثُمَّ نَزَلُوا فَأَسْلَمُوا وَخَلَّوْا أَمْوَالَهَمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ وَأَهَالِيَهُمْ. قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ فِي الْحِصْنِ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَلَمَّا فُتِحَ رُدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ ".
Asim bin Umar bin Qatadah narrates from an elder of Banu Qurayzah that he said: Do you know what led to the Islam of Tha'labah and Usayd (may Allah be pleased with them both), the two sons of Sa'yah, and of Asad bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him), a group from (Banu) Hadl who were not of Banu Qurayzah or Banu al-Nadir but were above that? I said: No. He said: A Jewish man from Syria called Ibn al-Hayban came to us and stayed with us. By Allah, we never saw a man who did not pray the five prayers better than him. He came to us two years before the sending of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Whenever we suffered drought and rain was scarce for us, we would say to him: O Ibn al-Hayban, come out and pray for rain for us. He would say: No, by Allah, not until you give charity before you go out. We would ask: How much shall we give? He would say: A sa' of dates or two mudd of barley. Then he would go out to the open part of our lava plain, and we with him, and he would pray for rain. By Allah, he would not rise from his place before the ravines were flowing. He did this many times, not twice or three times. When death came to him, we gathered around him, and he said: O company of Jews, what do you think brought me out of the land of wine and bread to the land of hardship and hunger? We said: You know best. He said: What brought me out was only that I am awaiting the appearance of a prophet whose time has drawn near; this land is the place to which he will emigrate, so that I might follow him. So, O company of Jews, let no one get to him before you when he appears, for he will shed the blood of those who oppose him and take their children and women captive; let that not hold you back from him. Then he died. On the night when Banu Qurayzah were conquered, those three young men, who were youths of tender age, said: O company of Jews, this is the one Ibn al-Hayban mentioned to you. They said: It is not him. They said: Yes indeed, by Allah, it is him, O company of Jews; by Allah, it is him, according to his description. Then they came down, accepted Islam, and left behind their wealth, their children and their families. The narrator said: Their wealth was in the fortress with the polytheists, and when it was conquered, it was returned to them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَبُو حَفْصٍ، ثنا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ثنا أَبَانُ، قَالَ عُمَرُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ صَخْرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَزَا ثَقِيفًا ⦗١٩٣⦘ فَلَمَّا أَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ صَخْرٌ رَكِبَ فِي خَيْلٍ يَمُدُّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَوَجَدَ نَبِيَّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِ انْصَرَفَ وَلَمْ يَفْتَحْ، فَجَعَلَ صَخْرٌ حِينَئِذٍ عَهْدَ اللهِ وَذِمَّتَهُ أَنْ لَا يُفَارِقَ هَذَا الْقَصْرَ حَتَّى يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمْ يُفَارِقْهُمْ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ صَخْرٌ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ ثَقِيفًا قَدْ نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَأَنَا مُقْبِلٌ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ فِي خَيْلٍ. فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالصَّلَاةِ جَامِعَةً فَدَعَا لِأَحْمَسَ عَشْرَ دَعَوَاتٍ: " اللهُمَّ بَارِكْ لِأَحْمَسَ فِي خَيْلِهَا وَرِجَالِهَا ". وَأَتَاهُ الْقَوْمُ فَتَكَلَّمَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ صَخْرًا أَخَذَ عَمَّتِي وَدَخَلَتْ فِيمَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ. فَدَعَاهُ فَقَالَ: " يَا صَخْرُ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا أَحْرَزُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ فَادْفَعْ إِلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ عَمَّتَهُ ". فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ، وَسَأَلَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا لِبَنِي سُلَيْمٍ قَدْ هَرَبُوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَتَرَكُوا ذَاكَ الْمَاءَ؟ " فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَنْزِلْنِيهِ أَنَا وَقَوْمِي. قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". فَأَنْزَلَهُ وَأَسْلَمَ يَعْنِي السُّلَمِيِّينَ، فَأَتَوْا صَخْرًا فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَاءَ فَأَبَى، فَأَتَوْا نَبِيَّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَسْلَمْنَا وَأَتَيْنَا صَخْرًا لِيَدْفَعَ إِلَيْنَا مَاءَنَا فَأَبَى عَلَيْنَا، فَدَعَاهُ فَقَالَ: " يَا صَخْرُ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا أَحْرَزُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ فَادْفَعْ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ مَاءَهُمْ ". قَالَ: نَعَمْ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ. فَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَغَيَّرُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ حُمْرَةً؛ حَيَاءً مِنْ أَخْذِهِ الْجَارِيَةَ وَأَخْذِهِ الْمَاءَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَالِاسْتِدْلَالُ وَقَعَ بِقَوْلِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا أَحْرَزُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ ". فَأَمَّا اسْتِرْدَادُ الْمَاءِ عَنْ صَخْرٍ بَعْدَ مَا مَلَكَهُ بِتَمْلِيكِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِيَّاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِاسْتِطَابَةِ نَفْسِهِ، وَلِذَلِكَ كَانَ يَظْهَرُ فِي وَجْهِهِ أَثَرُ الْحَيَاءِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَأَمَّا عَمَّةُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَسْلَمَتْ بَعْدَ الْأَخْذِ فَكَأَنَّهُ رَأَى إِسْلَامَهَا قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ يُحْرِزُ مَالَهَا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِسْلَامُهَا قَبْلَ الْأَخْذِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَصَخْرٌ هَذَا هُوَ ابْنُ الْعَيْلَةِ، قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ أَبَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ صَخْرِ بْنِ الْعَيْلَةِ لَمْ يَقُلْ: عَنْ أَبِيهِ. وَرُوِيَ فِي قِصَّةِ رِعْيَةَ السُّحَيْمِيِّ مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ ظَاهِرُ قِصَّةِ عَمَّةِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي. قَالَ: " أَمَّا مَالُكَ فَقَدْ قُسِمَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُكَ فَانْظُرْ مَنْ قَدَرْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ ". قَالَ: فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ ابْنَهُ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ اسْتَطَابَ أَنْفُسَ أَهْلِ الْغَنِيمَةِ كَمَا فَعَلَ فِي سَبْيِ هَوَازِنَ وَعَوَّضَ أَهْلَ الْخُمُسِ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِمْ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَإِسْنَادُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ.
Uthman bin Abi Hazim narrates from his father, from his grandfather Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made an expedition against (Banu) Thaqif. When Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) learned of it, he rode out with horsemen to help the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He found that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had returned (without a conquest), so Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "He will not leave until these people submit to the judgement of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." Eventually they submitted to the judgement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote (to him (peace and blessings be upon him)): "To proceed: O Messenger of Allah, they have submitted to your judgement, and they are coming to you as a party." He (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the call "al-Salatu jami'ah" (the prayer gathers, that is, everyone should assemble) to be made, then he (peace and blessings be upon him) made ten supplications for the people of Ahmas: "O Allah, bless the people of Ahmas in their horsemen and their foot soldiers." When the people came, al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) has taken my paternal aunt captive, and she has become Muslim along with the people. He (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "O Sakhr, when people accept Islam, they secure their blood and their property, so return his aunt to al-Mughirah." Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) returned her to him, and he asked about the springs of Banu Sulaym, whose owners had fled from Islam and abandoned the water, (requesting) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) grant it to him and his people. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Very well." They went there, and then the people of Banu Sulaym came having become Muslim. They demanded their water from Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him), but he refused. They came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, we have accepted Islam, and we asked Sakhr to return our water to us, but he refused. He (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "O Sakhr, when people accept Islam, they secure their blood and their property, so return their water to them." He said: Very well, O Prophet of Allah. (The narrator said:) I saw the blessed face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turning red out of modesty, because he had taken back from him both the slave woman and the water.
The Shaykh said: The evidence is drawn from his saying: "When people accept Islam, they secure their blood and their property." As for taking the water back from Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him), it seems to have been with his willing consent, which is why the blessed face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) changed out of modesty. As for the aunt of al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him), if she accepted Islam after being taken captive, then it is as though he (peace and blessings be upon him) regarded her Islam before the division as securing her property; and it is also possible that she accepted Islam before she was taken. The story of Ri'yah al-Suhaymi is similar: when he became Muslim, he said: O Messenger of Allah, my family and my property? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for your property, it has been divided among the Muslims; but as for your family, see whom of them you can reach." So his son was returned to him. It is also possible that those who had won the spoils returned him willingly.
The chain of both hadiths is not strong.
The Shaykh said: The evidence is drawn from his saying: "When people accept Islam, they secure their blood and their property." As for taking the water back from Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him), it seems to have been with his willing consent, which is why the blessed face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) changed out of modesty. As for the aunt of al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him), if she accepted Islam after being taken captive, then it is as though he (peace and blessings be upon him) regarded her Islam before the division as securing her property; and it is also possible that she accepted Islam before she was taken. The story of Ri'yah al-Suhaymi is similar: when he became Muslim, he said: O Messenger of Allah, my family and my property? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for your property, it has been divided among the Muslims; but as for your family, see whom of them you can reach." So his son was returned to him. It is also possible that those who had won the spoils returned him willingly.
The chain of both hadiths is not strong.
