السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: المشركين يسلمون قبل الأسر وما على الإمام وغيره من التثبت إذا تكلموا بما يشبه الإقرار بالإسلام ويشبه غيره
Polytheists who accept Islam before capture, and the verification required of the ruler and others when they say words resembling both an acknowledgement of Islam and something else
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي حَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا فَيَّاضٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، ثنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: إِلَى بَنِي جُذَيْمَةَ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَمْ يُحْسِنُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَسْلَمْنَا، فَقَالُوا: صَبَأْنَا صَبَأْنَا، وَجَعَلَ خَالِدٌ بِهِمْ قَتْلًا وَأَسْرًا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا أَسِيرًا، حَتَّى إِذَا أَصْبَحَ يَوْمًا أَمَرَنَا فَقَالَ لِيَقْتُلْ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ أَسِيرَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَاللهِ لَا أَقْتُلُ أَسِيرِي وَلَا يَقْتُلُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي أَسِيرَهُ. قَالَ: فَقَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ خَالِدٌ قَالَ: فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ خَالِدٌ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مَحْمُودٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I think that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) to Banu Jadhimah, and Khalid invited them to Islam. They could not express themselves well enough to say "We have become Muslims"; instead they said: "We have changed our religion (saba'na)." So Khalid killed some of them and took others captive. He said: Then each man was given his captive, and one morning Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered: Kill your captives. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I will not kill my captive, nor will any of my companions. Then we came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his hands and said: "O Allah, I declare myself free before You of what Khalid has done."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: " لَقِيَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَجُلًا فِي غَنِيمَةٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَأَخَذُوهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا تِلْكَ الْغَنِيمَةَ، فَنَزَلَ: {وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا} [النساء: ٩٤]، وَقَرَأَهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: السَّلَامَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Some Muslims came upon a man with his property. He said: "Peace be upon you." But they seized him, killed him and took his sheep as well. Then this verse was revealed: "And do not say to one who offers you peace, 'You are not a believer.'" [Surah al-Nisa: 94]
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أنبأ إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ عَلَى نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَعَهُ غَنَمٌ لَهُ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: مَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا لِيَتَعَوَّذَ مِنْكُمْ، فَعَمَدُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا غَنَمَهُ، فَأَتَوْا بِهَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا} [النساء: ٩٤] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوا} [النساء: ٩٤].
Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): A man of Banu Sulaym passed by a group of the Companions, and he had his sheep with him. He greeted them with salam. The Companions said: "He only greeted you with salam to protect himself." They seized him, killed him and took his sheep as well. They brought it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe, when you go forth in the way of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to one who greets you with peace, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life; for with Allah are abundant spoils. You yourselves were like that before, then Allah conferred His favour upon you, so investigate carefully." [Surah al-Nisa: 94]
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ ⦗١٩٥⦘ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْقَعْقَاعِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى إِضَمٍ، فَخَرَجْتُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ، وَمُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ، فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِبَطْنِ إِضَمٍ مَرَّ بِنَا عَامِرُ بْنُ الْأَضْبَطِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ عَلَيْنَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْنَا بِتَحِيَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَمْسَكْنَا عَنْهُ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ وَأَخَذَ بَعِيرَهُ وَمَا مَعَهُ، فَقَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَنَزَلَ فِينَا الْقُرْآنُ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا} [النساء: ٩٤] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ. كَذَا رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأُمَوِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ. وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَجَّاجٍ عَنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ. وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ بَعَثَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى إِضَمٍ، وَادٍ مِنْ أَوْدِيَةِ أَشْجَعَ. وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ التَّيْمِيُّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hadrad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us towards Idam. I set out among a group of Muslims that included Abu Qatadah al-Harith bin Rib'i and Muhallim bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with them). When we reached the valley floor of Idam, Amir bin al-Adbat passed by us on his camel. When he passed by us, he greeted us with salam. We held back from him, but Muhallim bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) attacked him, killed him and took his camel and what he had with him. When we came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him, Qur'an was revealed concerning us: "O you who believe, when you go forth in the way of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to one who greets you with peace, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life; for with Allah are abundant spoils. You yourselves were like that before, then Allah conferred His favour upon you, so investigate carefully." [Surah al-Nisa: 94]
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ الْأَسْلَمِيَّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ، فَرَآهُمْ رَجُلٌ وَهُوَ فِي جَبَلٍ، فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَخَذُوهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ فَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ: {وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا} [النساء: ٩٤]، وَالرَّجُلُ الَّذِي قَتَلُوهُ عَامِرُ بْنُ الْأَضْبَطِ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ.
Sayyiduna Ibn Abi Hadrad al-Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was in a detachment when a man on a mountain saw them; he came down to them and greeted them with salam, but they seized him and killed him. So this verse was revealed about him: "And do not say to one who greets you with peace, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life." [Surah al-Nisa: 94] The man whom they killed was Amir bin al-Adbat.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ⦗١٩٦⦘ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زِيَادَ بْنَ ضُمَيْرَةَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السُّلَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ وَجَدَّهُ شَهِدَا حُنَيْنًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَا: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الظُّهْرَ، ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَى ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ وَعُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي دَمِ عَامِرِ بْنِ الْأَضْبَطِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ، وَكَانَ قَتَلَهُ مُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، فَعُيَيْنَةُ يَطْلُبُ بِدَمِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ عَامِرِ بْنِ الْأَضْبَطِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ قَيْسٍ، وَالْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ يَدْفَعُ عَنْ مُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ خِنْدِفَ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدُ خِنْدِفَ، فَسَمِعْنَا عُيَيْنَةَ يَقُولُ: وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَا أَدَعُهُ حَتَّى أُذِيقَ نِسَاءَهُ مِنَ الْحَرِّ مَا أَذَاقَ نِسَائِي. وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " تَأْخُذُونَ الدِّيَةَ خَمْسِينَ فِي سَفَرِنَا هَذَا، وَخَمْسِينَ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا "، وَهُوَ يَأْبَى، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُكَيْتِلٌ مَجْمُوعٌ قَصِيرٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، مَا وَجَدْتُ لِهَذَا الْقَتِيلِ فِي غُرَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا كَعِيرٍ وَرَدَتْ فَرُمِيَتْ أُولَاهَا فَنَفَرَتْ أُخْرَاهَا، اسْنُنِ الْيَوْمَ وَغَيِّرْ غَدًا. فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " تَأْخُذُونَ الدِّيَةَ خَمْسِينَ فِي سَفَرِنَا هَذَا وَخَمْسِينَ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا "، فَقَبِلَهَا الْقَوْمُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " ائْتُوا بِصَاحِبِكُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجَاءُوا بِهِ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ آدَمُ طَوِيلٌ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةً لَهُ قَدْ تَهَيَّأَ فِيهَا لِلْقَتْلِ، فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: " مَا اسْمُكَ؟ " فَقَالَ: مُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اللهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، اللهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، اللهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: " قُمْ "، فَقَامَ وَهُوَ يَتَلَقَّى دَمْعَهُ بِفَضْلِ رِدَائِهِ، فَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا فَنَقُولُ: إِنَّا لَنَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِ اسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ، وَلَكِنْ أَظْهَرَ هَذَا لِيَنْزِعَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ، فَأَمَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذَا. وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ..
Ziyad bin Dumayrah bin Sa'd al-Sulami narrated to Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) that his father and grandfather were present with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at the Battle of Hunayn. Both of them (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the Zuhr prayer, then went to the shade of a tree. Al-Aqra' bin Habis and Uyaynah bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with them both) came to him disputing over the blood of Amir bin al-Adbat (may Allah be pleased with him), whom Muhallim bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) had killed. Uyaynah bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with him) was demanding (retaliation for) the blood of Amir bin al-Adbat (may Allah be pleased with him) because he was from Qays, and al-Aqra' bin Habis (may Allah be pleased with him) was defending Muhallim bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) because he was (from Khindif, and al-Aqra' was) at that time the chief of the tribe of Khindif. We heard Uyaynah (may Allah be pleased with him) saying: "O Messenger of Allah, I will not leave him until I make his women taste the grief that he made my women taste." And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: "Take the blood money: fifty (camels) on this journey of ours and fifty when we return." But he kept refusing. Then a man of Banu Layth stood up, called Mukaytil, who was stocky and short. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, I find nothing (to compare) this man slain at the dawn of Islam to except camels that came to water: the first of them was shot, so the last of them fled. Set a precedent today and change it tomorrow."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his hand and said: "Take the blood money: fifty (camels) on this journey of ours and fifty when we return." The people accepted the blood money. Then he said: "Bring your companion so that the Messenger of Allah may seek forgiveness for him." They brought him, and a tall, brown-skinned man stood up, wearing a suit of clothes (hullah) in which he had prepared himself to be killed. He sat down before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: "What is your name?" He said: Muhallim bin Jaththamah. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, do not forgive Muhallim bin Jaththamah." He said it three times. Then he said to him: "Stand up." He stood up, wiping his tears with the edge of his cloak. As for us, we were saying among ourselves: We hope that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has (in fact) sought forgiveness for him, but he displayed this so that people would desist from (attacking) one another. As for what appeared from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), it was this.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his hand and said: "Take the blood money: fifty (camels) on this journey of ours and fifty when we return." The people accepted the blood money. Then he said: "Bring your companion so that the Messenger of Allah may seek forgiveness for him." They brought him, and a tall, brown-skinned man stood up, wearing a suit of clothes (hullah) in which he had prepared himself to be killed. He sat down before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: "What is your name?" He said: Muhallim bin Jaththamah. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, do not forgive Muhallim bin Jaththamah." He said it three times. Then he said to him: "Stand up." He stood up, wiping his tears with the edge of his cloak. As for us, we were saying among ourselves: We hope that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has (in fact) sought forgiveness for him, but he displayed this so that people would desist from (attacking) one another. As for what appeared from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), it was this.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيِّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَيَانٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، قَالَا: ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ زِيَادَ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ ضُمَيْرَةَ السُّلَمِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ مُحَلِّمَ بْنَ جَثَّامَةَ اللَّيْثِيَّ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَشْجَعَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَذَلِكَ أَوَّلُ عِيرٍ قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا عُيَيْنَةُ أَلَا تَقْبَلُ الْعِيرَ "؟ يُرِيدُ الدِّيَةَ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَقَتَلْتَهُ بِسِلَاحِكَ فِي غُرَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ؟ اللهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمٍ " بِصَوْتٍ عَالٍ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَا بَعْدَهُ.
Ziyad bin Sa'd bin Dumayrah al-Sulami narrated to Urwah bin al-Zubayr from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that Muhallim bin Jaththamah al-Laythi killed a man of Ashja' in (the time of) Islam. This was the first blood money that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) decided. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Uyaynah, will you not accept the blood money?" The narrator said that at the end of it, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you kill him with your weapon at the dawn of Islam?" Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said in a loud voice: "O Allah, do not forgive Muhallim."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أنبأ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا نَصْرَ بْنَ عَاصِمٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ، فَقَالَ نَصْرٌ: ثنا ⦗١٩٧⦘ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَكَانَ مِنْ رَهْطِهِ، قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةً فَأَغَارُوا عَلَى قَوْمٍ، فَشَذَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ السَّرِيَّةِ مَعَهُ السَّيْفُ شَاهِرٌ، فَقَالَ الشَّاذُّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ، فَلَمْ يَنْظُرْ فِيهِ فَضَرَبَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَنُمِيَ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا، فَقَالَ الْقَاتِلُ: وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا قَالَ الَّذِي قَالَ إِلَّا تَعَوُّذًا مِنَ الْقَتْلِ. فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ ثَلَاثًا، فَأَعَادَهُ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تُعْرَفُ الْمَسَاءَةُ فِي وَجْهِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَبَى عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا " قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا. تَابَعَهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ.
Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who was from the clan of Nasr bin Asim al-Laythi, narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a small detachment, and they attacked a people. A man broke away from the people, and a man of the detachment pursued him with a drawn sword. The man who had broken away said: I am a Muslim. But he paid no heed to it and struck him and killed him. When the matter reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke severely about him. The killer said: O Messenger of Allah, he only said that to save himself from being killed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him three times, and he repeated the same words. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards him, and displeasure could be recognised in his (peace and blessings be upon him) face, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah, Lord of Might, refuses (to accept any excuse from) the one who kills a believer." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said it three times.
