السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من فرق بين وجوده قبل القسم وبين وجوده بعده وما جاء فيما اشتري من أيدي العدو
Those who distinguished between finding it before the division of booty and after it, and reports on what is bought from the enemy
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الزَّرَّادِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ بَعِيرِي فِي الْمَغْنَمِ كَانَ أَخَذَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " انْطَلِقْ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ بَعِيرَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فَخُذْهُ، وَإِنْ وَجَدْتَهُ قَدْ قُسِمَ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ بِالثَّمَنِ إِنْ أَرَدْتَهُ ". هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعْرَفُ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ مَتْرُوكٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ. وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عُلَيٍّ الْخُشَنِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ. وَرُوِي بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ مَجْهُولٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، وَيَاسِينَ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ الزَّيَّاتِ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مَرْفُوعًا عَلَى اخْتِلَافٍ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي لَفْظِهِ، وَإِسْحَاقُ وَيَاسِينُ مَتْرُوكَانِ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِمَا.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): My camel is among the spoils; the polytheists had seized it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you find your camel before the division, take it; and if it has been divided, then you are more entitled to it for its price, if you want it."
This hadith is known through al-Hasan bin Umarah from Abd al-Malik bin Maysarah, and al-Hasan bin Umarah is matruk (abandoned) and is not used as proof. Maslamah bin Ali al-Khushani also narrated it from Abd al-Malik, and he too is da'if (weak). It was also narrated with another, unknown chain from Abd al-Malik, and none of that is authentic. It was also narrated from Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abi Farwah and Yasin bin Mu'adh al-Zayyat, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim bin Abdullah, from his father, as a marfu' report, with a difference between the two in its wording; and Ishaq and Yasin are both matruk (abandoned) and are not used as proof.
This hadith is known through al-Hasan bin Umarah from Abd al-Malik bin Maysarah, and al-Hasan bin Umarah is matruk (abandoned) and is not used as proof. Maslamah bin Ali al-Khushani also narrated it from Abd al-Malik, and he too is da'if (weak). It was also narrated with another, unknown chain from Abd al-Malik, and none of that is authentic. It was also narrated from Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abi Farwah and Yasin bin Mu'adh al-Zayyat, from Ibn Shihab, from Salim bin Abdullah, from his father, as a marfu' report, with a difference between the two in its wording; and Ishaq and Yasin are both matruk (abandoned) and are not used as proof.
وأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ، قَالَ: عَرَفَ رَجُلٌ نَاقَةً لَهُ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ، فَأَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْ أَمْرِ النَّاقَةِ، فَوَجَدَ أَصْلَهَا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْ أَيْدِي الْعَدُوِّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلَّذِي عَرَفَهَا: " إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ بِالثَّمَنِ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهَا بِهِ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، وَإِلَّا فَخَلِّ عَنْ نَاقَتِهِ ". قَالَ: وَسَأَلَ شَاهِدَيْنِ.
Tamim bin Tarafah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man recognised his she-camel in the hands of another man. He brought him to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). When he was asked about the she-camel, he said: I bought it from the enemy. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the man who had recognised it: "If you wish to take it, pay the price for which he bought it, and you are more entitled to it; otherwise leave the she-camel." The narrator said: He asked about two witnesses.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ، أَنَّ الْعَدُوَّ أَصَابُوا نَاقَةَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَاشْتَرَاهَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ⦗١٨٩⦘ فَعَرَفَهَا صَاحِبُهَا فَخَاصَمَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " رُدَّ إِلَيْهِ الثَّمَنَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهَا بِهِ أَوْ خَلِّ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ: تَمِيمُ بْنُ طَرَفَةَ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ، وَالْمُرْسَلُ لَا تَثْبُتُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُدْرَى عَمَّنْ أَخَذَهُ.
Simak bin Harb narrates from Tamim bin Tarafah that the enemy seized the she-camel of a Muslim man, and a Muslim bought that she-camel; then its owner recognised it. The dispute came before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled: "Pay him back the price for which he bought it, or leave your she-camel."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Tamim bin Tarafah did not hear anything from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and a mursal hadith is not proof, since it is not even known from whom he took it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Tamim bin Tarafah did not hear anything from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and a mursal hadith is not proof, since it is not even known from whom he took it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِيمَا أَحْرَزَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: مَا أَصَابَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَعَرَفَهُ صَاحِبُهُ، قَالَ: " إِنْ أَدْرَكَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَإِذَا جَرَتْ فِيهِ السِّهَامُ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ ". قَالَ: وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " هُوَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، اقْتُسِمَ أَوْ لَمْ يُقْتَسَمْ ". هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ قَبِيصَةُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَقَتَادَةُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Qabisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: (If) the polytheists seized some property, then the Muslims recovered it from them and the owner recognised his property, then if he takes his property before the division it is his, and once the shares have been distributed he gets nothing. Qatadah said: Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: That property belongs to the Muslims, whether it has been divided or not.
This is munqati' (broken): Qabisah did not meet Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and (the report of) Qatadah from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati'.
This is munqati' (broken): Qabisah did not meet Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and (the report of) Qatadah from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati'.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ ⦗١٩٠⦘ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فِيمَا أَحْرَزَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ أَصَابَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ ".
Raja' bin Haywah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with him) that whatever property the enemy takes possession of and the Muslims then recover, it must be returned to its original owner as long as it has not been divided.
وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى السَّائِبِ بْنِ الْأَقْرَعِ: أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَجَدَ رَقِيقَهُ وَمَتَاعَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، وَإِنْ وَجَدَهُ فِي أَيْدِي التُّجَّارِ بَعْدَ مَا قُسِمَ فَلَا سَبِيلَ إِلَيْهِ، وَأَيُّمَا حُرٍّ اشْتَرَاهُ التُّجَّارُ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رُءُوسَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ الْحُرَّ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُشْتَرَى. رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرِيزٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْهُ: هَذَا عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُرْسَلٌ، إِنَّمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَكِلَاهُمَا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَلَا قَارَبَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَحَدِيثُ سَعْدٍ أَثْبَتُ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ سَعْدًا فَعَلَهُ بِهِ، وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُرْسَلٌ.
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to al-Sa'ib bin al-Aqra' (may Allah be pleased with him): Any Muslim who finds his slave or his goods exactly as they were is more entitled to them. If he finds them in the hands of merchants after they have been divided, then he has no claim to them. And any free person whom merchants have bought, their capital shall be returned to them, because a free person is neither bought nor sold.
Al-Shafi'i said: This (report) from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is mursal; it is only narrated from al-Sha'bi from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and from Raja' bin Haywah from Umar, and neither of them met Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) nor came close to it. Al-Shafi'i said: The hadith of Sa'd is more established than the hadith from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), because it is from al-Rukayn bin al-Rabi' from his father that Sa'd did that with him, whereas the hadith from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is mursal.
Al-Shafi'i said: This (report) from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is mursal; it is only narrated from al-Sha'bi from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and from Raja' bin Haywah from Umar, and neither of them met Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) nor came close to it. Al-Shafi'i said: The hadith of Sa'd is more established than the hadith from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), because it is from al-Rukayn bin al-Rabi' from his father that Sa'd did that with him, whereas the hadith from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is mursal.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَا: " مَا أَحْرَزَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَاسْتُنْقِذَ فَعَرَفَهُ أَهْلُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ رُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوهُ حَتَّى يُقْسَمَ لَمْ يُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ ". كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِي وَهُوَ هَكَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) and Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) both said: If the enemy seizes the property of the Muslims, and then the property is recovered and the owner recognises it before the division, it shall be returned to him. If he recognises it after the division, it shall not be returned.
This is how I found it in my book, and as such it is munqati' (broken); Ibn Lahi'ah is not used as proof, and Allah knows best. It has also been said: from Sulayman, from Zayd bin Thabit.
This is how I found it in my book, and as such it is munqati' (broken); Ibn Lahi'ah is not used as proof, and Allah knows best. It has also been said: from Sulayman, from Zayd bin Thabit.
