السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: ترك القود بالقسامة
Not taking retaliation by qasamah
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ، قَالُوا: أَقَادَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ وَالْخُلَفَاءُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ قَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا قِلَابَةَ؟ قَالَ: عِنْدَكَ رُءُوسُ الْأَجْنَادِ وَأَشْرَافُ الْعَرَبِ، شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ حِمْصٍ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ وَلَمْ يَرَوْهُ أَكُنْتَ تَقْطَعُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: شَهِدَ أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ حِمْصٍ أَنَّهُ زَنَى وَلَمْ يَرَوْهُ أَكُنْتَ تَرْجُمُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: فَهَذَا أَشْبَهُ، وَاللهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَتَلَ أَحَدًا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلًا فَيُقْتَلَ بِهِ، قَالَ عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: فَأَيْنَ حَدِيثُ الْعُرَنِيِّينَ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ: إِيَّايَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنْ عُكْلٍ أَوْ عُرَيْنَةَ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: فَاجْتَوَوَا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِلِقَاحٍ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَشْرَبُوا مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا، فَانْطَلَقُوا فَلَمَّا صَحُّوا قَتَلُوا رَاعِيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاسْتَاقُوا النَّعَمَ، فَبَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَبَرُهُمْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ، فَبَعَثَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ فَمَا ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ حَتَّى أُتِيَ بِهِمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُطِعَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ، وَسُمِرَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ، وَأُلْقُوا فِي الْحَرَّةِ يَسْتَسْقُونَ فَلَا يُسْقَوْنَ حَتَّى مَاتُوا فَهَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ قَتَلُوا وَسَرَقُوا وَكَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمَانَهِمْ فَقَالَ عَنْبَسَةُ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ: أَتَتَّهِمُنِي يَا عَنْبَسَةُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا الْجُنْدَ لَا يَزَالُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا أَبْقَاكَ اللهُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ ⦗٢٢١⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ هَارُونَ الْحَمَّالِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ مُخْتَصَرًا.
It is reported from Abu Raja' (may Allah have mercy on him) that Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him) was with Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him). He asked them about qasamah, and they answered: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Rightly Guided Caliphs carried out retaliation by it." He said: "O Abu Qilabah, what do you say?" He said: "You have with you great chiefs and the nobles of the Arabs, and great armies. If a man from the people of Hims accused a man from the people of Damascus of theft without having seen it, would you cut off his hand?" He said: "No." He said: "If, likewise, four men testified to adultery without having seen it, would you stone him?" He said: "No." Then Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "This (qasamah) too is like that. By Allah, we do not know that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ever killed anyone, except a man who killed someone and was killed in return for him." Anbasah bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Then where is the hadith of the Urayniyyin?" Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "It was Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) who narrated this very hadith to us: that some people of Ukl and Uraynah came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the climate of Madinah did not suit them, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to stay with the herdsman of the camels and to drink their milk and urine. They went, and when they recovered, they killed the herdsman and ran off with the camels. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of it early in the day. He (peace and blessings be upon him) sent people after them, and before the day was far advanced they were caught and brought to him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had their hands and feet cut off, had hot irons passed over their eyes and had them thrown in the sun; they asked for water but were not given water until they died. These were people who, after having believed, killed, stole and then disbelieved." Anbasah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Subhan Allah (Glory be to Allah)." Abu Qilabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Anbasah, are you accusing me of lying?" He said: "No. Rather, as long as Allah keeps you among them, Allah will keep these people in goodness."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، ثنا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الصَّوَّافُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا الْحَجَّاجُ الصَّوَّافُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو رَجَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَبْرَزَ سَرِيرَهُ يَوْمًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ؟ قَالَ: فَأَضَبَّ النَّاسُ، قَالُوا: نَقُولُ: الْقَوَدُ بِهَا حَقٌّ، قَدْ أَقَادَتْ بِهَا الْخُلَفَاءُ، قَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا قِلَابَةَ؟ وَنَصَبَنِي لِلنَّاسِ، قُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِنْدَكَ رُءُوسُ الْأَجْنَادِ وَأَشْرَافُ الْعَرَبِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِدِمَشْقَ مُحْصَنٍ أَنَّهُ قَدْ زَنَى لَمْ يَرَوْهُ، أَكُنْتَ تَرْجُمُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: أفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِحِمْصَ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ لَمْ يَرَوْهُ، أَكُنْتَ تَقْطَعُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَوَاللهِ مَا قَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَدًا قَطُّ، إِلَّا فِي إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ: رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ بِجَرِيرَةِ نَفْسِهِ يُقْتَلُ، أَوْ رَجُلٌ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ، أَوْ رَجُلٌ حَارَبَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ حَدَّثَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَطَعَ فِي السَّرَقِ وَسَمَرَ الْأَعْيُنَ وَنَبَذَهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ حَدِيثَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، إِيَّايَ حَدَّثَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ عُكْلٍ ثَمَانِيَةً قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَاسْتَوْخَمُوا الْأَرْضَ وَسَقَمَتْ أَجْسَادُهُمْ فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " أَلَا تَخْرُجُونَ مَعَ رَاعِينَا فِي إِبِلِهِ فَتُصِيبُونَ مِنْ أَبْوَالِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، فَخَرَجُوا فَشَرِبُوا مِنْ أَبْوَالِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا فَصَحُّوا وَقَتَلُوا الرَّاعِيَ وَاطَّرَدُوا النَّعَمَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَبَعَثَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ فَأُدْرِكُوا فَجِيءَ بِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَقُطِعَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ، وَسُمِرَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ، وَنُبِذُوا فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا قُلْتُ: وَأِيُّ شَيْءٍ أَشَدُّ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ: ارْتَدُّوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَتَلُوا، وَسَرَقُوا فَقَالَ عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: وَاللهِ، إِنْ سَمِعْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ، قُلْتُ: تَرُدُّ عَلَيَّ حَدِيثِي يَا عَنْبَسَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ جِئْتَ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَاللهِ لَا يَزَالُ هَذَا الْجُنْدُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَاشَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي هَذَا سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَتَحَدَّثُوا عِنْدَهُ، فَخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَقُتِلَ، فَخَرَجُوا بَعْدَهُ فَإِذَا هُمْ بِصَاحِبِهِمْ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي الدَّمِ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى ⦗٢٢٢⦘ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَاحِبُنَا كَانَ يَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَنَا فَخَرَجَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِهِ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي الدَّمِ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: بِمَنْ تَظُنُّونَ أَوْ مَنْ تَرَوْنَ قَتَلَهُ؟ قَالُوا: نَرَى أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ فَدَعَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: أَتَرْضَوْنَ نَفْلَ خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ مَا قَتَلُوهُ؟ فَقَالُوا: مَا يُبَالُونَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونَا أَجْمَعِينَ ثُمَّ يَنْفُلُونَ، قَالَ: أَفَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ الدِّيَةِ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: مَا كُنَّا لِنَحْلِفَ فَوَدَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَتْ هُذَيْلٌ خَلَعُوا خَلِيعًا لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَطَرَقَ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، بِالْبَطْحَاءِ فَانْتَبَهَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَحَذَفَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَجَاءَتْ هُذَيْلٌ فَأَخَذُوا الْيَمَانِيَّ فَرَفَعُوهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالْمَوْسِمِ، وَقَالُوا: قَتَلَ صَاحِبَنَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَلَعُوهُ، فَقَالَ: يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ مَا خَلَعُوا، قَالَ: فَأَقْسَمَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا، وَقَدِمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الشَّامِ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يُقْسِمَ فَافْتَدَى يَمِينَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَدْخَلُوا مَكَانَهُ رَجُلًا آخَرَ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَخِي الْمَقْتُولِ فَقُرِنَتْ يَدُهُ بِيَدِهِ، قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَا وَالْخَمْسُونَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِنَخْلَةٍ أَخَذَتْهُمُ السَّمَاءُ فَدَخَلُوا فِي غَارٍ فِي الْجَبَلِ، فَانْهَجَمَ الْغَارُ عَلَى الْخَمْسِينَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا فَمَاتُوا جَمِيعًا، وَأَفْلَتَ الْقَرِينَانِ، وَاتَّبَعَهُمَا حَجَرٌ فَكَسَرَ رِجْلَ أَخِي الْمَقْتُولِ، فَعَاشَ حَوْلًا ثُمَّ مَاتَ قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ أَقَادَ رَجُلًا بِالْقَسَامَةِ، ثُمَّ نَدِمَ بَعْدَمَا صَنَعَ، فَأَمَرَ بِالْخَمْسِينَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا فَمُحُوا مِنَ الدِّيوَانِ وَسَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْقَتِيلِ مُرْسَلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قِصَّةِ الْهُذَلِيِّ.
The previous narration.
I said: There is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on this. Some men of the Ansar came to him and were talking with him. One of them went out ahead of them and was killed. They went out after him and found their companion weltering in his blood. They returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), our companion was talking with us and went out ahead of us, and then we found him weltering in his blood." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out and asked: "Whom do you suspect of having killed him?" They said: "We think the Jews killed him." He (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned the Jews and asked them: "Did you kill this man?" They denied it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you be content with the oaths of fifty of the Jews that they did not kill him?" They said: "They would not care if they killed all of us and then swore (falsely)." He asked: "Then will you become entitled to the blood money by the oaths of fifty of you?" They said: "We would not swear." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
I said: In the Jahiliyyah, Hudhayl had disowned one of their members. He came by night upon a household from Yemen at al-Batha, and a man of them woke up, struck him with his sword and killed him. The people of Hudhayl came, seized the Yemeni and brought him to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) during the Hajj season, and said: "He killed our companion." He said: "They had disowned him." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Fifty of Hudhayl shall swear that they had not disowned him." Forty-nine of them swore. Then a man of theirs arrived from Syria, and they asked him to swear, but he ransomed his oath from them for a thousand dirhams, so they put another man in his place. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) handed the Yemeni over to the brother of the slain man, and his hand was tied to his hand. The two of them set off along with the fifty who had sworn, until, when they were at Nakhlah, rain overtook them and they went into a cave in the mountain. The cave collapsed on the fifty who had sworn, and they all died. The two tied together escaped, but a stone followed them and broke the leg of the slain man's brother; he lived for a year and then died.
I said: Abd al-Malik bin Marwan carried out retaliation on a man by qasamah, then regretted what he had done. He gave orders concerning the fifty who had sworn, and they were struck off the register, and he banished them to Syria.
His (Abu Qilabah's) report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the slain man is mursal, and likewise his report from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) in the story of the Hudhali.
I said: There is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on this. Some men of the Ansar came to him and were talking with him. One of them went out ahead of them and was killed. They went out after him and found their companion weltering in his blood. They returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), our companion was talking with us and went out ahead of us, and then we found him weltering in his blood." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out and asked: "Whom do you suspect of having killed him?" They said: "We think the Jews killed him." He (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned the Jews and asked them: "Did you kill this man?" They denied it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you be content with the oaths of fifty of the Jews that they did not kill him?" They said: "They would not care if they killed all of us and then swore (falsely)." He asked: "Then will you become entitled to the blood money by the oaths of fifty of you?" They said: "We would not swear." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
I said: In the Jahiliyyah, Hudhayl had disowned one of their members. He came by night upon a household from Yemen at al-Batha, and a man of them woke up, struck him with his sword and killed him. The people of Hudhayl came, seized the Yemeni and brought him to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) during the Hajj season, and said: "He killed our companion." He said: "They had disowned him." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Fifty of Hudhayl shall swear that they had not disowned him." Forty-nine of them swore. Then a man of theirs arrived from Syria, and they asked him to swear, but he ransomed his oath from them for a thousand dirhams, so they put another man in his place. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) handed the Yemeni over to the brother of the slain man, and his hand was tied to his hand. The two of them set off along with the fifty who had sworn, until, when they were at Nakhlah, rain overtook them and they went into a cave in the mountain. The cave collapsed on the fifty who had sworn, and they all died. The two tied together escaped, but a stone followed them and broke the leg of the slain man's brother; he lived for a year and then died.
I said: Abd al-Malik bin Marwan carried out retaliation on a man by qasamah, then regretted what he had done. He gave orders concerning the fifty who had sworn, and they were struck off the register, and he banished them to Syria.
His (Abu Qilabah's) report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the slain man is mursal, and likewise his report from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) in the story of the Hudhali.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَرْدَسْتَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: الْقَسَامَةُ تُوجِبُ الْعَقْلَ وَلَا تُشِيطُ الدَّمَ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Qasamah makes the blood money obligatory, but it does not establish (the right to shed) blood. This is munqati' (broken).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: الْقَتْلُ بِالْقَسَامَةِ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ،.
Al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Killing on the basis of qasamah is (a practice of) the Jahiliyyah.
وَفِيمَا رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ، فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي الزَّرْقَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَقْضِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ بِقَوَدٍ: أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنْبَأَ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ ⦗٢٢٣⦘ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، فَقِيلَ لِمَالِكٍ: فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْتُمْ بِهَا؟ قَالَ: إِنَّا لَا نَضَعُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْخَتْلِ.
Makhul (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "did not judge retaliation by qasamah." Ubaydullah bin Umar and Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on them both) also said the same. It was said to Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him): Then why do you kill by qasamah? He said: "We do not place the word of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) upon deception."
