Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: ترك القود بالقسامة
Chapter: Not taking retaliation by qasamah
Bayhaqi 16462 — Not taking retaliation by qasamah
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، ثنا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الصَّوَّافُ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا الْحَجَّاجُ الصَّوَّافُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو رَجَاءٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَبْرَزَ سَرِيرَهُ يَوْمًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ؟ قَالَ: فَأَضَبَّ النَّاسُ، قَالُوا: نَقُولُ: الْقَوَدُ بِهَا حَقٌّ، قَدْ أَقَادَتْ بِهَا الْخُلَفَاءُ، قَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا قِلَابَةَ؟ وَنَصَبَنِي لِلنَّاسِ، قُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِنْدَكَ رُءُوسُ الْأَجْنَادِ وَأَشْرَافُ الْعَرَبِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِدِمَشْقَ مُحْصَنٍ أَنَّهُ قَدْ زَنَى لَمْ يَرَوْهُ، أَكُنْتَ تَرْجُمُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: أفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِحِمْصَ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ لَمْ يَرَوْهُ، أَكُنْتَ تَقْطَعُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: فَوَاللهِ مَا قَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَدًا قَطُّ، إِلَّا فِي إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ: رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ بِجَرِيرَةِ نَفْسِهِ يُقْتَلُ، أَوْ رَجُلٌ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ، أَوْ رَجُلٌ حَارَبَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ حَدَّثَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَطَعَ فِي السَّرَقِ وَسَمَرَ الْأَعْيُنَ وَنَبَذَهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ حَدِيثَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، إِيَّايَ حَدَّثَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ عُكْلٍ ثَمَانِيَةً قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَاسْتَوْخَمُوا الْأَرْضَ وَسَقَمَتْ أَجْسَادُهُمْ فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " أَلَا تَخْرُجُونَ مَعَ رَاعِينَا فِي إِبِلِهِ فَتُصِيبُونَ مِنْ أَبْوَالِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، فَخَرَجُوا فَشَرِبُوا مِنْ أَبْوَالِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا فَصَحُّوا وَقَتَلُوا الرَّاعِيَ وَاطَّرَدُوا النَّعَمَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَبَعَثَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ فَأُدْرِكُوا فَجِيءَ بِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَقُطِعَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ، وَسُمِرَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ، وَنُبِذُوا فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا قُلْتُ: وَأِيُّ شَيْءٍ أَشَدُّ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ: ارْتَدُّوا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَتَلُوا، وَسَرَقُوا فَقَالَ عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: وَاللهِ، إِنْ سَمِعْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ، قُلْتُ: تَرُدُّ عَلَيَّ حَدِيثِي يَا عَنْبَسَةُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ جِئْتَ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَاللهِ لَا يَزَالُ هَذَا الْجُنْدُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَاشَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي هَذَا سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَتَحَدَّثُوا عِنْدَهُ، فَخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَقُتِلَ، فَخَرَجُوا بَعْدَهُ فَإِذَا هُمْ بِصَاحِبِهِمْ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي الدَّمِ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى ⦗٢٢٢⦘ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَاحِبُنَا كَانَ يَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَنَا فَخَرَجَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِهِ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي الدَّمِ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: بِمَنْ تَظُنُّونَ أَوْ مَنْ تَرَوْنَ قَتَلَهُ؟ قَالُوا: نَرَى أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ فَدَعَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: أَتَرْضَوْنَ نَفْلَ خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ مَا قَتَلُوهُ؟ فَقَالُوا: مَا يُبَالُونَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونَا أَجْمَعِينَ ثُمَّ يَنْفُلُونَ، قَالَ: أَفَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ الدِّيَةِ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: مَا كُنَّا لِنَحْلِفَ فَوَدَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَتْ هُذَيْلٌ خَلَعُوا خَلِيعًا لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَطَرَقَ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، بِالْبَطْحَاءِ فَانْتَبَهَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَحَذَفَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَجَاءَتْ هُذَيْلٌ فَأَخَذُوا الْيَمَانِيَّ فَرَفَعُوهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالْمَوْسِمِ، وَقَالُوا: قَتَلَ صَاحِبَنَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَلَعُوهُ، فَقَالَ: يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ مَا خَلَعُوا، قَالَ: فَأَقْسَمَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا، وَقَدِمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الشَّامِ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يُقْسِمَ فَافْتَدَى يَمِينَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَدْخَلُوا مَكَانَهُ رَجُلًا آخَرَ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَخِي الْمَقْتُولِ فَقُرِنَتْ يَدُهُ بِيَدِهِ، قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَا وَالْخَمْسُونَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِنَخْلَةٍ أَخَذَتْهُمُ السَّمَاءُ فَدَخَلُوا فِي غَارٍ فِي الْجَبَلِ، فَانْهَجَمَ الْغَارُ عَلَى الْخَمْسِينَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا فَمَاتُوا جَمِيعًا، وَأَفْلَتَ الْقَرِينَانِ، وَاتَّبَعَهُمَا حَجَرٌ فَكَسَرَ رِجْلَ أَخِي الْمَقْتُولِ، فَعَاشَ حَوْلًا ثُمَّ مَاتَ قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ أَقَادَ رَجُلًا بِالْقَسَامَةِ، ثُمَّ نَدِمَ بَعْدَمَا صَنَعَ، فَأَمَرَ بِالْخَمْسِينَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا فَمُحُوا مِنَ الدِّيوَانِ وَسَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَحَدِيثُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْقَتِيلِ مُرْسَلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قِصَّةِ الْهُذَلِيِّ.
The previous narration.
I said: There is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on this. Some men of the Ansar came to him and were talking with him. One of them went out ahead of them and was killed. They went out after him and found their companion weltering in his blood. They returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), our companion was talking with us and went out ahead of us, and then we found him weltering in his blood." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out and asked: "Whom do you suspect of having killed him?" They said: "We think the Jews killed him." He (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned the Jews and asked them: "Did you kill this man?" They denied it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you be content with the oaths of fifty of the Jews that they did not kill him?" They said: "They would not care if they killed all of us and then swore (falsely)." He asked: "Then will you become entitled to the blood money by the oaths of fifty of you?" They said: "We would not swear." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
I said: In the Jahiliyyah, Hudhayl had disowned one of their members. He came by night upon a household from Yemen at al-Batha, and a man of them woke up, struck him with his sword and killed him. The people of Hudhayl came, seized the Yemeni and brought him to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) during the Hajj season, and said: "He killed our companion." He said: "They had disowned him." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Fifty of Hudhayl shall swear that they had not disowned him." Forty-nine of them swore. Then a man of theirs arrived from Syria, and they asked him to swear, but he ransomed his oath from them for a thousand dirhams, so they put another man in his place. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) handed the Yemeni over to the brother of the slain man, and his hand was tied to his hand. The two of them set off along with the fifty who had sworn, until, when they were at Nakhlah, rain overtook them and they went into a cave in the mountain. The cave collapsed on the fifty who had sworn, and they all died. The two tied together escaped, but a stone followed them and broke the leg of the slain man's brother; he lived for a year and then died.
I said: Abd al-Malik bin Marwan carried out retaliation on a man by qasamah, then regretted what he had done. He gave orders concerning the fifty who had sworn, and they were struck off the register, and he banished them to Syria.
His (Abu Qilabah's) report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the slain man is mursal, and likewise his report from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) in the story of the Hudhali.
I said: There is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on this. Some men of the Ansar came to him and were talking with him. One of them went out ahead of them and was killed. They went out after him and found their companion weltering in his blood. They returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), our companion was talking with us and went out ahead of us, and then we found him weltering in his blood." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out and asked: "Whom do you suspect of having killed him?" They said: "We think the Jews killed him." He (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned the Jews and asked them: "Did you kill this man?" They denied it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you be content with the oaths of fifty of the Jews that they did not kill him?" They said: "They would not care if they killed all of us and then swore (falsely)." He asked: "Then will you become entitled to the blood money by the oaths of fifty of you?" They said: "We would not swear." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid his blood money from his own funds.
I said: In the Jahiliyyah, Hudhayl had disowned one of their members. He came by night upon a household from Yemen at al-Batha, and a man of them woke up, struck him with his sword and killed him. The people of Hudhayl came, seized the Yemeni and brought him to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) during the Hajj season, and said: "He killed our companion." He said: "They had disowned him." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Fifty of Hudhayl shall swear that they had not disowned him." Forty-nine of them swore. Then a man of theirs arrived from Syria, and they asked him to swear, but he ransomed his oath from them for a thousand dirhams, so they put another man in his place. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) handed the Yemeni over to the brother of the slain man, and his hand was tied to his hand. The two of them set off along with the fifty who had sworn, until, when they were at Nakhlah, rain overtook them and they went into a cave in the mountain. The cave collapsed on the fifty who had sworn, and they all died. The two tied together escaped, but a stone followed them and broke the leg of the slain man's brother; he lived for a year and then died.
I said: Abd al-Malik bin Marwan carried out retaliation on a man by qasamah, then regretted what he had done. He gave orders concerning the fifty who had sworn, and they were struck off the register, and he banished them to Syria.
His (Abu Qilabah's) report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the slain man is mursal, and likewise his report from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) in the story of the Hudhali.
