السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الظهار
Book of Zihar
باب: سبب نزول آية الظهار
The occasion of the revelation of the verse of zihar
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، نا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، نا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَسِعَ سَمْعُهُ الْأَصْوَاتَ لَقَدْ جَاءَتِ الْمُجَادِلَةُ تَشْتَكِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا} [المجادلة: ١] أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ تَمِيمٍ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Urwah narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): All praise is for the One whose hearing encompasses all voices. A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), disputing and complaining, while I was in a corner of the house; I did not hear what she was saying. Then Allah, Lord of Might, revealed this verse: "Allah has heard the statement of the woman who disputes with you concerning her husband." [Surah al-Mujadilah: 1]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، نا الشَّيْخُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، نا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ مَعْنٍ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: " تَبَارَكَ اللهُ الَّذِي وَسِعَ سَمْعُهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ كَلَامَ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَيَخْفَى عَلَيَّ بَعْضُهُ وَهِيَ تَشْتَكِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَوْجَهَا وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَكَلَ شَبَابِي وَنَثَرْتُ لَهُ بَطْنِي حَتَّى إِذَا كَبِرَتْ سِنِّي وَانْقَطَعَ لَهُ وَلَدِي ظَاهَرَ مِنِّي، اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَشْكُو إِلَيْكَ "، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: " فَمَا بَرِحَتْ حَتَّى نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِهَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتِ {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا} [المجادلة: ١] قَالَ: وَزَوْجُهَا أَوْسُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ.
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Blessed is Allah, whose hearing encompasses everything. I was hearing the words of Khawlah bint Tha'labah, though some of them were hidden from me, while she was complaining about her husband to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), saying: 'O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he consumed my youth and I bore his children; then when I grew old and my bearing of children ended, he made zihar from me. O Allah, I complain to You.'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that she was still in that state when Jibril, the Trustworthy, came with this verse: "Allah has heard the statement of the woman who disputes with you concerning her husband." [Surah al-Mujadilah: 1] Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Her husband was Aws bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ، نا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ نا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا " أَنَّ جَمِيلَةَ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَكَانَ ⦗٦٢٩⦘ أَوْسٌ امْرَأً بِهِ لَمَمٌ فَإِذَا اشْتَدَّ بِهِ لَمَمُهُ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَفَّارَةَ الظِّهَارِ " وَرَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ فَأَرْسَلَهُ.
Hisham bin Urwah narrates from his father that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Jamilah was the wife of Aws bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him), and Aws was a man afflicted with a touch of madness; when his illness intensified, Aws made zihar from his wife, so Allah, Lord of Might, revealed the expiation for zihar.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، نا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، نا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: " كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ ظَاهَرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أَوْسٌ، وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ ابْنَةُ عَمٍّ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا خُوَيْلَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ فَظَاهَرَ مِنْهَا فَأُسْقِطَ فِي يَدِهِ، وَقَالَ مَا أَرَاكِ إِلَّا قَدْ حُرِّمْتِ عَلَيَّ، قَالَتْ لَهُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: قَالَ فَانْطَلِقِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَلِيهِ فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَجَدَتْ عِنْدَهُ مَاشِطَةً تَمْشُطُ رَأْسَهُ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ، فَقَالَ: " يَا خُوَيْلَةُ مَا أُمْرِنَا فِي أَمْرِكِ بِشَيْءٍ "، فَأُنْزِلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " يَا خُوَيْلَةُ أَبْشِرِي " قَالَتْ: خَيْرًا قَالَ: " خَيْرًا " فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهَا قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللهِ} [المجادلة: ١] الْآيَاتِ.
Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): In the days of ignorance, when a man said to his wife, "You are to me just like my mother," then in Islam this woman would become unlawful for the man. The narrator said: The first to make zihar in Islam was Aws (may Allah be pleased with him). Married to him was his paternal uncle's daughter, Khuwaylah bint Khuwaylid (may Allah be pleased with her). When Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) made zihar, he was filled with regret and said: I think you have become unlawful to me. Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) also said something similar. The narrator said: Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Go to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and ask. She came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and a woman was combing his (peace and blessings be upon him) hair. She told him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Khuwaylah, we have not been given any command regarding your matter." Then revelation came down upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Khuwaylah, rejoice!" She said: Good, or better? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Good," and then he (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse to her: "Allah has heard the statement of the woman who disputes with you concerning her husband and complains to Allah." [Surah al-Mujadilah: 1]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، نا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، نا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: " لَا يَقَعُ فِي الظِّهَارِ طَلَاقٌ يَعْنِي بِالظِّهَارِ ".
Ali bin Abi Talhah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that divorce does not occur because of zihar.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْكَعْبِيُّ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، نا يَزِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، نا بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: " كَانَ الظِّهَارُ وَالْإِيلَاءُ طَلَاقًا عَلَى عَهْدِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَوَقَّتَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَجَعَلَ فِي الظِّهَارِ الْكَفَّارَةَ ".
Muqatil bin Hayyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Zihar and ila were divorce in the days of ignorance, so Allah, Lord of Might, fixed the period of ila at four months, and for zihar He prescribed expiation.
