السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الإيلاء
Book of Ila
باب: الإيلاء في الغضب
The oath of abstention made in anger
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَتْحِ هِلَالُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَفَّارُ أنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ الْقَطَّانُ، نا أَبُو الْأَشْعَثِ، نا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ هُوَ الثَّقَفِيُّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي عِجْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَطِيَّةَ أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ أَخُوهُ، وَتَرَكَ بَنِيًّا لَهُ رَضِيعًا قَالَ أَبُو عَطِيَّةَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: أَرْضِعِيهِ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ تَغْتَالَهُ، فَحَلَفَ لَا يَقْرَبَهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَهُ فَفَعَلَ حَتَّى فَطَمَتْهُ قَالَ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنَّكَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتَ الْخَيْرَ وَإِنَّمَا الْإِيلَاءُ فِي الْغَضَبِ " وَحَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَطِيَّةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ أَخِيهِ وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُ بِابْنِ أَخِيهِ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Abu Atiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that his brother died, and his nursing child was there. Abu Atiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said to his wife: Nurse him. She said: I fear that you will make me pregnant. So Abu Atiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) swore that as long as she nursed him, he would not come near her. She did so until she weaned him. He said: I mentioned this to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: You intended good, and ila only happens in a state of anger.
(b) Abu Atiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that he married his brother's wife, and she was nursing his nephew.
(b) Abu Atiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that he married his brother's wife, and she was nursing his nephew.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، نا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، نا أَبِي، نا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ أُمِّي تُرْضِعُ صَبِيًّا وَقَدْ تُوُفِّيَ صَبِيٌّ لَنَا فَحَلَفَ أَبِي أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَ الصَّبِيَّ فَمَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْكَ، فَأَتَى عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنْ ⦗٦٢٧⦘ كُنْتَ حَلَفْتَ عَلَى تَضِرَّةٍ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْكَ " كَذَا قَالَ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَقُولَ: وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَتْ بِهَا عِلَّةٌ يَضُرُّهَا الْجِمَاعُ بِهَا أَوْ بَدَأَ الْيَمِينَ وَلَيْسَ هَيْئَتُهَا الضِّرَارُ فَلَيْسَتْ بِإِيلَاءٍ، وَلِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَجْهٌ حَسَنٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: هُوَ مُؤْلِي وَكُلُّ يَمِينٍ مَنَعَتِ الْجِمَاعَ فَهِيَ إِيلَاءٌ، وَعَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ نَصٌّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ الْإِيلَاءَ مُطْلَقًا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ غَضَبًا وَلَا رِضًا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Simak narrates from Atiyyah bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him): My mother was nursing a child, and a child of ours had died. My father swore that he would not go near her until she weaned the child. When four months passed, it was said to him that she had become separated from him, so he informed Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: If you swore with the intent of harming her, she is your wife; otherwise she has become separated from you.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old opinion: Whoever holds this view should also say that likewise, if she has an ailment that intercourse would harm, or he began the oath and its form was not one of harm, then it is not ila; and this view has a good basis, and Allah knows best.
Others said: He is one who has taken an oath of ila, and every oath which prevents intercourse is ila. Al-Shafi'i stated this view explicitly in his new opinion, and argued that Allah Almighty revealed the ruling of ila without qualification, mentioning neither anger nor contentment in it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old opinion: Whoever holds this view should also say that likewise, if she has an ailment that intercourse would harm, or he began the oath and its form was not one of harm, then it is not ila; and this view has a good basis, and Allah knows best.
Others said: He is one who has taken an oath of ila, and every oath which prevents intercourse is ila. Al-Shafi'i stated this view explicitly in his new opinion, and argued that Allah Almighty revealed the ruling of ila without qualification, mentioning neither anger nor contentment in it.
