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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الإيلاء
Book of Ila
باب: الإيلاء في الغضب
Chapter: The oath of abstention made in anger
Bayhaqi 15241 — The oath of abstention made in anger
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، نا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، نا أَبِي، نا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ أُمِّي تُرْضِعُ صَبِيًّا وَقَدْ تُوُفِّيَ صَبِيٌّ لَنَا فَحَلَفَ أَبِي أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَ الصَّبِيَّ فَمَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْكَ، فَأَتَى عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنْ ⦗٦٢٧⦘ كُنْتَ حَلَفْتَ عَلَى تَضِرَّةٍ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْكَ " كَذَا قَالَ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَقُولَ: وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَتْ بِهَا عِلَّةٌ يَضُرُّهَا الْجِمَاعُ بِهَا أَوْ بَدَأَ الْيَمِينَ وَلَيْسَ هَيْئَتُهَا الضِّرَارُ فَلَيْسَتْ بِإِيلَاءٍ، وَلِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَجْهٌ حَسَنٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: هُوَ مُؤْلِي وَكُلُّ يَمِينٍ مَنَعَتِ الْجِمَاعَ فَهِيَ إِيلَاءٌ، وَعَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ نَصٌّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ الْإِيلَاءَ مُطْلَقًا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ غَضَبًا وَلَا رِضًا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Simak narrates from Atiyyah bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him): My mother was nursing a child, and a child of ours had died. My father swore that he would not go near her until she weaned the child. When four months passed, it was said to him that she had become separated from him, so he informed Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: If you swore with the intent of harming her, she is your wife; otherwise she has become separated from you.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old opinion: Whoever holds this view should also say that likewise, if she has an ailment that intercourse would harm, or he began the oath and its form was not one of harm, then it is not ila; and this view has a good basis, and Allah knows best.
Others said: He is one who has taken an oath of ila, and every oath which prevents intercourse is ila. Al-Shafi'i stated this view explicitly in his new opinion, and argued that Allah Almighty revealed the ruling of ila without qualification, mentioning neither anger nor contentment in it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old opinion: Whoever holds this view should also say that likewise, if she has an ailment that intercourse would harm, or he began the oath and its form was not one of harm, then it is not ila; and this view has a good basis, and Allah knows best.
Others said: He is one who has taken an oath of ila, and every oath which prevents intercourse is ila. Al-Shafi'i stated this view explicitly in his new opinion, and argued that Allah Almighty revealed the ruling of ila without qualification, mentioning neither anger nor contentment in it.
