السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الخلع والطلاق
Book of Khul and Divorce
باب: طلاق العبد بغير إذن سيده
The divorce of a slave without his master's permission
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قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ} [البقرة: 230] وَقَالَ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ وَاحِدَةً: {وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنَّ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا} [البقرة: 228] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: كَانَ الْعَبْدُ مِمَّنْ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ وَلَهُ حَلَالٌ فَحَرَّمَهُ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَلَمْ يَكُنِ السَّيِّدُ مِمَّنْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ تَحْرِيمُهَا.
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "Then if he divorces her (a third time), she is not lawful for him afterwards until she marries a husband other than him." [Surah al-Baqarah: 230]
And He said concerning women divorced once: "And their husbands have more right to take them back in that (period) if they intend reconciliation." [Surah al-Baqarah: 228]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The slave was among those for whom (the wife) was forbidden and then became lawful for him (through marriage), so he made her forbidden (to himself) through divorce; and the master was not among those for whom his (the slave's) wife had become lawful, such that he would have the power to make her forbidden."
And He said concerning women divorced once: "And their husbands have more right to take them back in that (period) if they intend reconciliation." [Surah al-Baqarah: 228]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The slave was among those for whom (the wife) was forbidden and then became lawful for him (through marriage), so he made her forbidden (to himself) through divorce; and the master was not among those for whom his (the slave's) wife had become lawful, such that he would have the power to make her forbidden."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، نا مَالِكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا كَانَ يَقُولُ: " مَنْ أَذِنَ لِعَبْدِهِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ، لَيْسَ بِيَدِ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ طَلَاقِهِ شَيْءٌ ".
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that whoever permits his slave to marry, the authority of divorce belongs to the slave alone; no one else holds any authority of divorce on his behalf.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مَالِكٌ، نا أَبُو الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ نُفَيْعًا، مُكَاتَبًا لِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ عَبْدًا كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا فَأَمَرَهُ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ فَلَقِيَهُ عِنْدَ الدَّرَجِ آخِذًا بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَسَأَلَهُمَا فَابْتَدَرَاهُ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَا: " حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ " وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مُسْنَدٌ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Nufay', who was the mukatab (a slave contracted to buy his freedom) or the slave of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), had a free woman as his wife. He gave her two divorces, and then he wanted to take her back. The pure wives (of the Prophet) sent him to Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) so that he could ask him about it. He went to him and met him by the steps, where he was holding the hand of Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him). He asked them both, and both of them (may Allah be pleased with them both) hastened to answer: "She is forbidden to you, she is forbidden to you."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نا أَبُو عُتْبَةَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْحِجَازِيُّ نا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، نا أَبُو الْحَجَّاجِ الْمَهْرِيُّ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْغَافِقِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ ⦗٥٩١⦘ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَشْكُو أَنَّ مَوْلَاهُ زَوَّجَهُ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يُزَوِّجُونَ عَبِيدَهُمْ إِمَاءَهُمْ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَهُمْ، أَلَا إِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُ الطَّلَاقَ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ بِالسَّاقِ " خَالَفَهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ مُرْسَلًا.
Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), complaining that his master had married him off and now wanted to separate him from his wife. He (peace and blessings be upon him) praised and glorified Allah and said: "What is the matter with people who marry their slaves to their slave-women and then want to separate them? Indeed, the one who holds the authority of divorce is the one who takes hold of the shin," that is, the one whose wife she is.
كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَا: نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، نا يُوسُفُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، نا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ، نا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّ مَمْلُوكًا، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُ الطَّلَاقَ مَنْ أَخَذَ بِالسَّاقِ " لَمْ يَذْكُرِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَرْفُوعًا وَفِيهِ ضَعْفٌ.
Musa bin Ayyub narrates from Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) that a slave came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned something similar, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Divorce belongs only to the one who took hold of the shin," that is, the one who took her as a wife.
He did not mention Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). It has also been narrated through another chain as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet), and it contains weakness.
He did not mention Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). It has also been narrated through another chain as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet), and it contains weakness.
