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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الخلع والطلاق
Book of Khul and Divorce
باب: من قال: لا يجوز طلاق السكران ولا عتقه
Chapter: One who said: the divorce and freeing of slaves by a drunk person are not valid
Bayhaqi 15113 — One who said: the divorce and freeing of slaves
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ أنا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوْحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، نا شَبَابَةُ، نا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بِرَجُلٍ سَكْرَانَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي وَأَنَا سَكْرَانُ فَكَانَ رَأْيُ عُمَرَ مَعَنَا " أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ وَأَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا "، فَحَدَّثَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " لَيْسَ لِلْمَجْنُونِ وَلَا لِلسَّكْرَانِ طَلَاقٌ "، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَيْفَ تَأْمُرُونِي، وَهَذَا يُحَدِّثُنِي عَنْ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَجَلَدَهُ وَرَدَّ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ فَقَالَ: قَرَأَ عَلَيْنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ كِتَابَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِيهِ السُّنَنُ أَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ جَائِزٌ إِلَّا الْمَجْنُونَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَيْفَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُهُ وَلَا تُقْبَلُ لَهُ صَلَاةٌ؟ وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ قَالَ: لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَعَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْإِقْرَارِ حَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي قِصَّةِ مَاعِزِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ⦗٥٩٠⦘ حَيْثُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مِمَّ أُطَهِّرُكَ؟ " فَقَالَ: مِنَ الزِّنَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَيَّةَ جُنُونٍ " فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَجْنُونٍ فَقَالَ: " أَشَرِبْتَ خَمْرًا؟ " فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَاسْتَنْكَهَهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مِنْهُ رِيحَ خَمْرٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَثَيِّبٌ أَنْتَ؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرُجِمَ، فَبَيِّنٌ فِي هَذَا أَنَّهُ قَصَدَ إِسْقَاطَ إِقْرَارِهِ بِالسُّكْرِ كَمَا قَصَدَ إِسْقَاطَ إِقْرَارِهِ بِالْجُنُونِ، فَدَلَّ أَنْ لَا حُكْمَ لِقَوْلِهِ وَمَنْ قَالَ بِالْأَوَّلِ أَجَابَ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي حُدُودِ اللهِ تَعَالَى الَّتِي تُدْرَأُ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: An intoxicated man was brought to Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him). He said: "I divorced my wife while I was intoxicated." The view of Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him), together with ours, was that he should be flogged and that the two should be separated. Then Aban bin Uthman (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to him that Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "There is no divorce for the insane or the intoxicated." Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "How can you instruct me, when this man narrates to me from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him)?" So he flogged him and returned his wife to him.
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That was mentioned to Raja' bin Haywah (may Allah have mercy on him), and he said: Abd al-Malik bin Marwan (may Allah have mercy on him) read out to us a letter of Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him), containing the Sunnahs, stating that whoever divorces his wife, it is valid, except the insane.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is reported from Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: "How can his divorce be valid when his prayer is not accepted?"
Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) did not count the divorce of the intoxicated person.
Sulayman bin Buraydah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) the story of Ma'iz bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "From what shall I purify you?" He said: "From adultery." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he insane?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) was told that he was not insane. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Have you drunk wine?" A man stood up and smelled his mouth, and did not find the smell of wine. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Are you married?" He said: "Yes." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that he be stoned.
It is clear from this hadith that he intended to set aside his confession on account of intoxication just as he intended to set it aside on account of insanity; this shows that the words (of an intoxicated person) carry no legal effect. Those who hold the first view (that the intoxicated person's divorce takes effect) answer this by saying that this concerned the hadd punishments of Allah, which are averted by doubts. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That was mentioned to Raja' bin Haywah (may Allah have mercy on him), and he said: Abd al-Malik bin Marwan (may Allah have mercy on him) read out to us a letter of Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him), containing the Sunnahs, stating that whoever divorces his wife, it is valid, except the insane.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is reported from Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: "How can his divorce be valid when his prayer is not accepted?"
Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) did not count the divorce of the intoxicated person.
Sulayman bin Buraydah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) the story of Ma'iz bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "From what shall I purify you?" He said: "From adultery." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he insane?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) was told that he was not insane. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Have you drunk wine?" A man stood up and smelled his mouth, and did not find the smell of wine. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Are you married?" He said: "Yes." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that he be stoned.
It is clear from this hadith that he intended to set aside his confession on account of intoxication just as he intended to set it aside on account of insanity; this shows that the words (of an intoxicated person) carry no legal effect. Those who hold the first view (that the intoxicated person's divorce takes effect) answer this by saying that this concerned the hadd punishments of Allah, which are averted by doubts. And Allah knows best.
