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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الخلع والطلاق
Book of Khul and Divorce
باب: طلاق العبد بغير إذن سيده
Chapter: The divorce of a slave without his master's permission
Bayhaqi 15114 — The divorce of a slave without his master's permission
قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ} [البقرة: 230] وَقَالَ فِي الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ وَاحِدَةً: {وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنَّ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا} [البقرة: 228] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: كَانَ الْعَبْدُ مِمَّنْ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ وَلَهُ حَلَالٌ فَحَرَّمَهُ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَلَمْ يَكُنِ السَّيِّدُ مِمَّنْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ تَحْرِيمُهَا.
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "Then if he divorces her (a third time), she is not lawful for him afterwards until she marries a husband other than him." [Surah al-Baqarah: 230]
And He said concerning women divorced once: "And their husbands have more right to take them back in that (period) if they intend reconciliation." [Surah al-Baqarah: 228]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The slave was among those for whom (the wife) was forbidden and then became lawful for him (through marriage), so he made her forbidden (to himself) through divorce; and the master was not among those for whom his (the slave's) wife had become lawful, such that he would have the power to make her forbidden."
And He said concerning women divorced once: "And their husbands have more right to take them back in that (period) if they intend reconciliation." [Surah al-Baqarah: 228]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The slave was among those for whom (the wife) was forbidden and then became lawful for him (through marriage), so he made her forbidden (to himself) through divorce; and the master was not among those for whom his (the slave's) wife had become lawful, such that he would have the power to make her forbidden."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، نا مَالِكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا كَانَ يَقُولُ: " مَنْ أَذِنَ لِعَبْدِهِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ، لَيْسَ بِيَدِ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ طَلَاقِهِ شَيْءٌ ".
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that whoever permits his slave to marry, the authority of divorce belongs to the slave alone; no one else holds any authority of divorce on his behalf.
