السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما جاء في قسم ذلك على قدر الكفاية
Reports on dividing it according to need
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَسَدِيُّ ⦗٥٦٣⦘ الْحَافِظُ بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دِيزِيلَ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، ثنا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ قَالَ: " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا جَاءَهُ فَيْءٌ قَسَمَهُ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ، فَأَعْطَى ذَا الْأَهْلِ حَظَّيْنِ، وَأَعْطَى الْعَزَبَ حَظًّا ".
Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When fay' came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he would distribute it that same day; he would give the man with a family two shares and the unmarried man one share.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُصَفَّى، ثنا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ. غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَأَعْطَى الْأَعْزَبَ حَظًّا زَادَ: فَدُعِينَا، وَكُنْتُ أُدْعَى قَبْلَ عَمَّارٍ، فَدُعِيتُ، فَأَعْطَانِي حَظَّيْنِ وَكَانَ لِي أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ دُعِيَ بَعْدِي عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ فَأُعْطِيَ حَظًّا وَاحِدًا.
Safwan bin Amr narrated it similarly, except that in it he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the single man one share; and (these words of Sayyiduna Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him)) are additional: We were called, and I used to be called before Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him). So I was called, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me two shares, as I had a family. Then after me Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) was called, and he was given one share.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عُفَيْرٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْخَيْرِ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ لِكُرَيْبِ بْنِ أَبْرَهَةَ: أَحَضَرْتَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالْجَابِيَةِ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: فَمَنْ يُحَدِّثُنَا عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ كُرَيْبٌ: إِنْ بَعَثْتَ إِلَى سُفْيَانَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ حَدَّثَكَ عَنْهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: حَدِّثْنِي عَنْ خُطْبَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْجَابِيَةِ، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: إِنَّهُ لَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ الْفَيْءُ أَرْسَلَ أُمَرَاءُ الْأَجْنَادِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَقَدِمَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فإِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ نَقْسِمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَدْلِ، إِلَّا هَذَيْنِ الْحَيَّيْنِ مِنْ لَخْمٍ وَجُذَامٍ، فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُمْ فِيهِ ". فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو حُدَيْرٍ الْأَجْذَمِيُّ فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ يَا عُمَرُ فِي الْعَدْلِ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " الْعَدْلَ أُرِيدُ، أَنْ أَجْعَلَ أَقْوَامًا مَا أَنْفَقُوا فِي الظَّهْرِ، وَشَدُّوا الْغَرَضَ، وَسَاحُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ، مِثْلَ قَوْمٍ مُقِيمِينَ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ الْهِجْرَةَ كَانَتْ بِصَنْعَاءَ أَوْ بِعَدَنَ مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ لَخْمٍ وَلَا جُذَامٍ أَحَدٌ "، فَقَامَ أَبُو حُدَيْرٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللهَ وَضَعَنَا مِنْ بِلَادِهِ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ، وَسَاقَ إِلَيْنَا الْهِجْرَةَ فِي بِلَادِنَا، فَقَبِلْنَاهَا وَنَصَرْنَاهَا، أَفَذَلِكَ يَقْطَعُ حَقَّنَا يَا عُمَرُ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " لَكُمْ حَقُّكُمْ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ "، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ، فَكَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أَعْطَاهُ دِينَارًا، ثُمَّ دَعَا ابْنَ قَاطُورَا صَاحِبَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: " أَخْبِرْنِي مَا يَكْفِي الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الْقُوتِ فِي الشَّهْرِ وَالْيَوْمِ "، فَأَتَى بِالْمُدْيِ وَالْقِسْطِ فَقَالَ: يَكْفِيهِ هَذَا؛ الْمُدْيَانِ فِي الشَّهْرِ، وَقِسْطُ زَيْتٍ، وَقِسْطُ خَلٍّ، فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمُدْيَيْنِ مِنْ قَمْحٍ فَطُحِنَا، ثُمَّ عُجِنَا ثُمَّ خُبِزَا، ثُمَّ أَدَمَهُمَا بِقِسْطَيْنِ زَيْتًا، ثُمَّ أَجْلَسَ عَلَيْهِمَا ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا، فَكَانَ كَفَافَ شِبْعِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ عُمَرُ الْمُدْيَ بِيَمِينِهِ وَالْقِسْطَ بِيَسَارِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللهُمَّ لَا أُحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُنْقِصَهُمَا بَعْدِي، اللهُمَّ فَمَنْ نَقَصَهُمَا فَانْقُصْ مِنْ عُمْرِهِ ".
Abd al-Aziz bin Marwan said to Kurayb bin Abrahah: "Were you present with Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) at al-Jabiyah?" He said: No. (Abd al-Aziz) said: "Then who will tell us about it?" Kurayb said: "If you send for Sufyan bin Wahb al-Khawlani, he can tell you about it." So he sent for him and said: "Tell me about the sermon of Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) at al-Jabiyah." Sufyan said: When the fay' wealth had been gathered, the commanders of the armies sent word to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he should come in person. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came, praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: "Amma ba'd (To proceed): We shall divide this wealth with justice, except for these two tribes, Lakhm and Judham; they have no right in it." Abu Hudayr al-Ajdhami stood up and said: "O Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), I adjure you by Allah regarding justice." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It is justice that I intend: should I make people who spent on their mounts, tightened their saddles and travelled through the lands equal to people residing in their own lands? Had the hijrah been to San'a or Aden, no one from Lakhm or Judham would have migrated to it." Abu Hudayr stood up and said: "Allah Almighty placed us in His land where He willed and brought the hijrah to us in our own land; we accepted it and supported them. O Umar, has our right been cut off because of that?" Then (Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)) said: "You have your right along with the Muslims." Then he distributed (the wealth): a man received half a dinar, and when his wife was with him, he gave him a dinar. Then he called Ibn Qatura, the owner of the land, and said: "Tell me, how much food suffices a man for a month and for a day?" He brought a mudy and a qist (two measures) and said: "This suffices him: two mudys a month, a qist of olive oil and a qist of vinegar." So Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave an order, and two mudys of wheat were ground into flour, then kneaded and baked into bread. Then it was seasoned with two qists of olive oil. Then thirty men were seated at it, and it was enough to satisfy their hunger. Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took the mudy in his right hand and the qist in his left hand, then said (in supplication): "O Allah, it is not lawful for anyone to reduce these two after me. O Allah, whoever reduces them, reduce his life."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْفَيْءِ فَقَالَ: " مَا أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا الْفَيْءِ مِنْكُمْ، وَمَا أَحَدٌ مِنَّا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّا عَلَى مَنَازِلِنَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَقِسْمَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَالرَّجُلُ وَقِدَمُهُ، وَالرَّجُلُ وَبَلَاؤُهُ، وَالرَّجُلُ وَعِيَالُهُ، وَالرَّجُلُ وَحَاجَتُهُ ".
Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) said: One day Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned the fay' wealth and said: "I am not more entitled to this wealth than you, and none of us is more entitled to it than anyone else, except that we stand according to our ranks from the Book of Allah and the division of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): a man and his precedence (in Islam), a man and his trials (in service), a man and his dependents, and a man and his need."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " كَمْ تَرَى الرَّجُلَ يَكْفِيهِ مِنْ عَطَائِهِ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: " لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لَأَجْعَلَنَّ عَطَاءَ الرَّجُلِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ؛ أَلْفٌ لِسِلَاحِهِ، وَأَلْفٌ لِنَفَقَتِهِ، وَأَلْفٌ يُخَلِّفُهَا فِي أَهْلِهِ، وَأَلْفٌ لِكَذَا "، أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: " لِفَرَسِهِ ".
Abidah al-Salmani (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: How much should a man be given so that it suffices him? I said: Such and such. He said: If I remain alive, I will set four thousand to give a man: a thousand for his weapons, a thousand for his expenses, a thousand for his family whom he leaves behind, and a thousand for his horse.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أنا أَبُو عَمْرٍو، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَسَنٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " كَانَ يَرْزُقُ الْعَبِيدَ وَالْإِمَاءَ وَالْخَيْلَ ".
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give a share to male slaves, female slaves and horses as well.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " كَانَ يَفْرِضُ لِلصَّبِيِّ إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ ".
It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to allot a share even for a child once it cried out (at birth).
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ الْمَوْلُودِ، فَقَالَ: " إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَجَبَ عَطَاؤُهُ وَرِزْقُهُ ".
Bishr bin Ghalib said: Ibn al-Zubayr asked al-Hasan bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the newborn. He said: "When it cries out (at birth), its stipend and its share become due."
قَالَ: وَثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: ابْنُ أَبِي شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْعَلَاءِ، أَنَّ أَبَاهَا انْطَلَقَ بِهَا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَفَرَضَ لَهَا فِي الْعَطَاءِ وَهِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " مَا الصَّبِيُّ الَّذِي أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ، وَعَضَّ عَلَى الْكَسْرَةِ، بِأَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الْعَطَاءِ مِنَ الْمَوْلُودِ الَّذِي يَمُصُّ الثَّدْيَ " وَهَذِهِ الْآثَارُ مَعَ سَائِرِ مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُفْرَضُ لِلرَّجُلِ قَدْرَ كِفَايَتِهِ وَكِفَايَةِ أَهْلِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَعَبْدِهِ وَدَابَّتِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Umm al-Ala' (may Allah be pleased with her) that her father took her to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) allotted her a share while she was small. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The child who eats food and bites on a crust is not more entitled to this stipend than the newborn who is still suckling.
All these reports indicate that he would allot a man a share in proportion to his own sustenance and that of his family, slaves, children and mount.
All these reports indicate that he would allot a man a share in proportion to his own sustenance and that of his family, slaves, children and mount.
