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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما جاء في قسم ذلك على قدر الكفاية
Chapter: Reports on dividing it according to need
Bayhaqi 12971 — Reports on dividing it according to need
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عُفَيْرٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْخَيْرِ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ لِكُرَيْبِ بْنِ أَبْرَهَةَ: أَحَضَرْتَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالْجَابِيَةِ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: فَمَنْ يُحَدِّثُنَا عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ كُرَيْبٌ: إِنْ بَعَثْتَ إِلَى سُفْيَانَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ حَدَّثَكَ عَنْهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: حَدِّثْنِي عَنْ خُطْبَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْجَابِيَةِ، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: إِنَّهُ لَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ الْفَيْءُ أَرْسَلَ أُمَرَاءُ الْأَجْنَادِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَقَدِمَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فإِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ نَقْسِمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَدْلِ، إِلَّا هَذَيْنِ الْحَيَّيْنِ مِنْ لَخْمٍ وَجُذَامٍ، فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُمْ فِيهِ ". فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو حُدَيْرٍ الْأَجْذَمِيُّ فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ يَا عُمَرُ فِي الْعَدْلِ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " الْعَدْلَ أُرِيدُ، أَنْ أَجْعَلَ أَقْوَامًا مَا أَنْفَقُوا فِي الظَّهْرِ، وَشَدُّوا الْغَرَضَ، وَسَاحُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ، مِثْلَ قَوْمٍ مُقِيمِينَ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ الْهِجْرَةَ كَانَتْ بِصَنْعَاءَ أَوْ بِعَدَنَ مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ لَخْمٍ وَلَا جُذَامٍ أَحَدٌ "، فَقَامَ أَبُو حُدَيْرٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللهَ وَضَعَنَا مِنْ بِلَادِهِ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ، وَسَاقَ إِلَيْنَا الْهِجْرَةَ فِي بِلَادِنَا، فَقَبِلْنَاهَا وَنَصَرْنَاهَا، أَفَذَلِكَ يَقْطَعُ حَقَّنَا يَا عُمَرُ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " لَكُمْ حَقُّكُمْ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ "، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ، فَكَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أَعْطَاهُ دِينَارًا، ثُمَّ دَعَا ابْنَ قَاطُورَا صَاحِبَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ: " أَخْبِرْنِي مَا يَكْفِي الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الْقُوتِ فِي الشَّهْرِ وَالْيَوْمِ "، فَأَتَى بِالْمُدْيِ وَالْقِسْطِ فَقَالَ: يَكْفِيهِ هَذَا؛ الْمُدْيَانِ فِي الشَّهْرِ، وَقِسْطُ زَيْتٍ، وَقِسْطُ خَلٍّ، فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمُدْيَيْنِ مِنْ قَمْحٍ فَطُحِنَا، ثُمَّ عُجِنَا ثُمَّ خُبِزَا، ثُمَّ أَدَمَهُمَا بِقِسْطَيْنِ زَيْتًا، ثُمَّ أَجْلَسَ عَلَيْهِمَا ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا، فَكَانَ كَفَافَ شِبْعِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ عُمَرُ الْمُدْيَ بِيَمِينِهِ وَالْقِسْطَ بِيَسَارِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللهُمَّ لَا أُحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُنْقِصَهُمَا بَعْدِي، اللهُمَّ فَمَنْ نَقَصَهُمَا فَانْقُصْ مِنْ عُمْرِهِ ".
Abd al-Aziz bin Marwan said to Kurayb bin Abrahah: "Were you present with Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) at al-Jabiyah?" He said: No. (Abd al-Aziz) said: "Then who will tell us about it?" Kurayb said: "If you send for Sufyan bin Wahb al-Khawlani, he can tell you about it." So he sent for him and said: "Tell me about the sermon of Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) at al-Jabiyah." Sufyan said: When the fay' wealth had been gathered, the commanders of the armies sent word to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he should come in person. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came, praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: "Amma ba'd (To proceed): We shall divide this wealth with justice, except for these two tribes, Lakhm and Judham; they have no right in it." Abu Hudayr al-Ajdhami stood up and said: "O Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), I adjure you by Allah regarding justice." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It is justice that I intend: should I make people who spent on their mounts, tightened their saddles and travelled through the lands equal to people residing in their own lands? Had the hijrah been to San'a or Aden, no one from Lakhm or Judham would have migrated to it." Abu Hudayr stood up and said: "Allah Almighty placed us in His land where He willed and brought the hijrah to us in our own land; we accepted it and supported them. O Umar, has our right been cut off because of that?" Then (Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)) said: "You have your right along with the Muslims." Then he distributed (the wealth): a man received half a dinar, and when his wife was with him, he gave him a dinar. Then he called Ibn Qatura, the owner of the land, and said: "Tell me, how much food suffices a man for a month and for a day?" He brought a mudy and a qist (two measures) and said: "This suffices him: two mudys a month, a qist of olive oil and a qist of vinegar." So Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave an order, and two mudys of wheat were ground into flour, then kneaded and baked into bread. Then it was seasoned with two qists of olive oil. Then thirty men were seated at it, and it was enough to satisfy their hunger. Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took the mudy in his right hand and the qist in his left hand, then said (in supplication): "O Allah, it is not lawful for anyone to reduce these two after me. O Allah, whoever reduces them, reduce his life."
