السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يعطي المؤلفة قلوبهم وغيرهم من المهاجرين وما يستدل به على أنه إنما كان يعطيهم من الخمس دون أربعة أخماس الغنيمة
What the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave those whose hearts were to be reconciled and others of the Emigrants, and what indicates that he gave them from the fifth and not from the four-fifths of the spoils
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْبَزَّازُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الدَّيْرُعَاقُولِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ هَوَازِنَ، فَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ الْمِائَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَقَالُوا: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي قُرَيْشًا وَيَتْرُكُنَا، وَسُيُوفُنَا تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دِمَائِهِمْ، قَالَ: فَحُدِّثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَقَالَتِهِمْ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْأَنْصَارِ فَجَمَعَهُمْ فِي قُبَّةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ لَمْ يَدْعُ مَعَهُمْ غَيْرَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَا حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكُمْ؟ " فَقَالَ لَهُ فُقَهَاؤُهُمْ: أَمَّا ذَوُو رَأْيِنَا فَلَمْ يَقُولُوا شَيْئًا، وَأَمَّا نَاسٌ مِنَّا حَدِيثَةٌ أَسْنَانُهُمْ فَقَالُوا: يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ يُعْطِي قُرَيْشًا وَيَتْرُكُنَا، وَسُيُوفُنَا تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دِمَائِهِمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَإِنِّي أُعْطِي رِجَالًا حَدِيثِي عَهْدٍ بِكُفْرٍ؛ أَتَأَلَّفُهُمْ، أَلَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ النَّاسُ بِالْأَمْوَالِ وَتَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى رِحَالِكُمْ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ، لَمَا تَنْقَلِبُونَ بِهِ ⦗٥٤٩⦘ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَنْقَلِبُونَ بِهِ؟ " قَالُوا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَدْ رَضِينَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّكُمْ سَتَجِدُونَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً شَدِيدَةً؛ فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلَقَوَا اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ ". قَالَ أَنَسٌ: إِذًا نَصْبِرُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: " فَإِنِّي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ ". وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ: " فَإِنِّي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ ".
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that some men of the Ansar said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Of the wealth of Hawazin that Allah gave to His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the men of Quraysh a hundred camels. They said: May Allah forgive the Messenger; he gives to Quraysh and leaves us, while our swords are soaked in their blood. So what they said was reported to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) called them and gathered them in a leather tent, and let no one else in. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What is this that has reached me from you?" Their men of understanding said: Our men of standing have said nothing; it is our young ones who said such a thing; they said: May Allah forgive His Messenger, that he gives to Quraysh and leaves us, while our swords are dripping with their blood. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I give to people who have only recently entered Islam; in this way I win their hearts. Are you not pleased that other people take away wealth and riches, while you take the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) home with you? By Allah! What you will take back with you is better than what they are taking." The Ansar said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We are pleased. After that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "After me you will see others being given preference over you; at that time be patient until you meet Allah and His Messenger. I will meet you at the Pond of Kawthar." Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We will be patient.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ خَلِيٍّ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: " فَوَاللهِ مَا تَنْقَلِبُونَ بِهِ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَنْقَلِبُونَ بِهِ " وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: " فَلَمْ نَصْبِرْ ".
"By Allah! What you will return with is better than what they will return with." At its end, Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "But we were not patient."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي التَّيَّاحِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْفَتْحِ قَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: وَاللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ الْعَجَبُ، إِنَّ سُيُوفَنَا تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دِمَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَإِنَّ غَنَائِمَنَا تُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى الْأَنْصَارِ خَاصَّةً فَقَالَ: " مَا هَذَا الَّذِي بَلَغَنَا عَنْكُمْ؟ " وَكَانُوا لَا يَكْذِبُونَ، فَقَالُوا هُوَ الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ، فَقَالَ: " أَمَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ النَّاسُ بِالْغَنَائِمِ وَتَذْهَبُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بُيُوتِكُمْ؟ " ثُمَّ قَالَ: " لَوْ سَلَكَ النَّاسُ وَادِيًا أَوْ شِعْبًا سَلَكْتُ وَادِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ" لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ حُنَيْنٍ، وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ يَقُولُ الْقَائِلُ فِي خُمُسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ إِذَا مُيِّزَ مِنْهَا: نَحْنُ غَنِمْنَا هَذَا، وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنَّ سَبَبَ مِلْكِ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ، وَذَلِكَ مَوْجُودٌ فِي كَلَامِ النَّاسِ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَلِمَةُ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْخُمُسِ: " هُوَ لِي، ثُمَّ هُوَ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ"، فَلَمَّا أَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَبْعَدِينَ أَنْكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ الْأَنْصَارُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْطَى الْأَقْرَعَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ.
Abu al-Tayyah said: I heard Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) say that on the day of the Conquest of Makkah the Ansar said: "By Allah! This is astonishing: our swords are soaked in the blood of Quraysh, and our spoils are being distributed among them." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to know of this, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) called the Ansar specifically, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What is this that has reached us from you?" They said: "We were not ones to lie; what has reached you is correct." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Are you not pleased that the people take away the spoils and you go to your homes with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? If the people were to walk in a valley, I would walk in the mountain pass of the Ansar."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Concerning the one-fifth of the spoils, when it is separated out, those who speak say: We won these spoils; and by that they meant that the cause of its ownership was through them, and this was present in the speech of the Ansar. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one-fifth is mine, then it is returned among you." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to those who were distant, those of the Ansar who were close to him objected.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave al-Aqra' and his companions from the fifth of the one-fifth.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Concerning the one-fifth of the spoils, when it is separated out, those who speak say: We won these spoils; and by that they meant that the cause of its ownership was through them, and this was present in the speech of the Ansar. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one-fifth is mine, then it is returned among you." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to those who were distant, those of the Ansar who were close to him objected.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave al-Aqra' and his companions from the fifth of the one-fifth.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ثنا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، أَنَّ أَيُّوبَ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ نَافِعًا حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ ⦗٥٥٠⦘ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ رَجَعَ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنْ أَعْتَكِفَ يَوْمًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، فَكَيْفَ تَرَى؟ قَالَ: " اذْهَبْ فَاعْتَكِفْ يَوْمًا " وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَعْطَاهُ جَارِيَةً مِنَ الْخُمُسِ، فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَبَايَا النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ، اذْهَبْ إِلَى تِلْكَ الْجَارِيَةِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهَا. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، وَاسْتَشْهَدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ.
Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was at al-Ji'ranah, after returning; he said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I vowed in the Jahiliyyah that I would observe i'tikaf for one day in al-Masjid al-Haram; so what is your view?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and observe i'tikaf for one day." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had given him a slave girl from the one-fifth. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) freed the people's captives, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him)! Go and free that slave girl too."
