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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: ما كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يعطي المؤلفة قلوبهم وغيرهم من المهاجرين وما يستدل به على أنه إنما كان يعطيهم من الخمس دون أربعة أخماس الغنيمة
Chapter: What the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave those whose hearts were to be reconciled and others of the Emigrants, and what indicates that he gave them from the fifth and not from the four-fifths of the spoils
Bayhaqi 12936 — What the Prophet ﷺ gave those whose hearts
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي التَّيَّاحِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْفَتْحِ قَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: وَاللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ الْعَجَبُ، إِنَّ سُيُوفَنَا تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دِمَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَإِنَّ غَنَائِمَنَا تُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى الْأَنْصَارِ خَاصَّةً فَقَالَ: " مَا هَذَا الَّذِي بَلَغَنَا عَنْكُمْ؟ " وَكَانُوا لَا يَكْذِبُونَ، فَقَالُوا هُوَ الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ، فَقَالَ: " أَمَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ النَّاسُ بِالْغَنَائِمِ وَتَذْهَبُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بُيُوتِكُمْ؟ " ثُمَّ قَالَ: " لَوْ سَلَكَ النَّاسُ وَادِيًا أَوْ شِعْبًا سَلَكْتُ وَادِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ" لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ حُنَيْنٍ، وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ يَقُولُ الْقَائِلُ فِي خُمُسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ إِذَا مُيِّزَ مِنْهَا: نَحْنُ غَنِمْنَا هَذَا، وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنَّ سَبَبَ مِلْكِ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ، وَذَلِكَ مَوْجُودٌ فِي كَلَامِ النَّاسِ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَلِمَةُ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْخُمُسِ: " هُوَ لِي، ثُمَّ هُوَ مَرْدُودٌ فِيكُمْ"، فَلَمَّا أَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَبْعَدِينَ أَنْكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ الْأَنْصَارُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْطَى الْأَقْرَعَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِنْ خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ.
Abu al-Tayyah said: I heard Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) say that on the day of the Conquest of Makkah the Ansar said: "By Allah! This is astonishing: our swords are soaked in the blood of Quraysh, and our spoils are being distributed among them." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to know of this, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) called the Ansar specifically, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What is this that has reached us from you?" They said: "We were not ones to lie; what has reached you is correct." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Are you not pleased that the people take away the spoils and you go to your homes with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? If the people were to walk in a valley, I would walk in the mountain pass of the Ansar."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Concerning the one-fifth of the spoils, when it is separated out, those who speak say: We won these spoils; and by that they meant that the cause of its ownership was through them, and this was present in the speech of the Ansar. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one-fifth is mine, then it is returned among you." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to those who were distant, those of the Ansar who were close to him objected.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave al-Aqra' and his companions from the fifth of the one-fifth.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Concerning the one-fifth of the spoils, when it is separated out, those who speak say: We won these spoils; and by that they meant that the cause of its ownership was through them, and this was present in the speech of the Ansar. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one-fifth is mine, then it is returned among you." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to those who were distant, those of the Ansar who were close to him objected.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave al-Aqra' and his companions from the fifth of the one-fifth.
