السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: التسوية في الغنيمة والقوم يهبون الغنيمة
Equality in dividing the spoils, and people giving away their spoils
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، وَخَالِدٍ، ⦗٥٤٧⦘ وَالزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْخِرِّيتِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَلْقِينَ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى وَهُوَ يَعْرِضُ فَرَسًا فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، بِمَا أُمِرْتَ؟ قَالَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولَوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ "، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَمَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ نُقَاتِلُ؟ قَالَ: " هَؤُلَاءِ الْيَهُودُ الْمَغْضُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ النَّصَارَى الضَّالُّونَ "، قُلْتُ: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ؟ قَالَ: " لِلَّهِ خُمُسُهَا، وَأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسِهَا لِلْجَيْشِ "، قُلْتُ: فَمَا أَحَدٌ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، وَلَا السَّهْمُ تَسْتَخْرِجُهُ مِنْ جَنْبِكَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ ".
Abdullah bin Shaqiq (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from a man of Balqin (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was in Wadi al-Qura, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was having a horse presented. I said: O Messenger of Allah, what have you been commanded? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they say: 'La ilaha illallah wa anni Rasulullah' (There is no god but Allah, and I am the Messenger of Allah). When they say it, they have protected their blood and their wealth from me, except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah." I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who are these people whom you fight? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Jews, upon whom is wrath, and the Christians, who are astray." I said: What do you say about the spoils? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "One-fifth is for Allah, and the remaining four parts are for the army." I said: Is anyone more entitled than another? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No; even the arrow that you pull out of your own side, you have no greater right to it than your Muslim brother."
قَالَ: وَثنا يُوسُفُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَلْقِينَ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ. وَرَوَاهُ مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: " فَإِنْ رَمَيْتَ بِسَهْمٍ فِي جَنْبِكَ فَاسْتَخْرَجْتَهُ فَلَسْتَ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ ". وَفِي ذَلِكَ بَيَانُ مَا رُوِّينَا، وَقَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَبَرَةً مِنْ جَنْبِ بَعِيرٍ فَقَالَ: " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِي مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ قَدْرَ هَذِهِ إِلَّا الْخُمُسَ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ".
Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that on the day of Hunayn or Khaybar he (peace and blessings be upon him) took hold of some camel hair and said: "O people! Not even this much of what Allah has returned to you is lawful for me, except the one-fifth, and the one-fifth too is returned to you."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِحُنَيْنٍ، فَلَمَّا أَصَابَ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَسَبَايَاهُمْ أَدْرَكَ وَفْدُ هَوَازِنَ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ وَقَدْ أَسْلَمُوا، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، لَنَا أَصْلٌ وَعَشِيرَةٌ، وَقَدْ أَصَابَنَا مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ مَا لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَيْكَ، فَمُنَّ عَلَيْنَا مَنَّ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نِسَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكُمْ أَمْ أَمْوَالُكُمْ؟ " فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، خَيَّرْتَنَا بَيْنَ أَحْسَابِنَا وَبَيْنَ أَمْوَالِنَا، أَبْنَاؤُنَا وَنِسَاؤُنَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ، وَإِذَا أَنَا صَلَّيْتُ بِالنَّاسِ فَقُومُوا وَقُولُوا: إِنَّا نَسْتَشْفِعُ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَبِالْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فِي أَبْنَائِنَا وَنِسَائِنَا، فَسَأُعْطِيكُمْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَأَسْأَلُ لَكُمْ ". فَلَمَّا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالنَّاسِ الظُّهْرَ قَامُوا فَقَالُوا مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّا مَا كَانَ لِي وَلِبَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ⦗٥٤٨⦘ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ "، فَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ: فَمَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ: أَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو تَمِيمٍ فَلَا، وَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مِرْدَاسٍ: أَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو سُلَيْمٍ فَلَا، فَقَالَتْ بَنُو سُلَيْمٍ: بَلْ مَا كَانَ لَنَا فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ: أَمَّا أَنَا وَبَنُو فَزَارَةَ فَلَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ أَمْسَكَ مِنْكُمْ بِحَقِّهِ فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ سِتَّةُ فَرَائِضَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ فَيْءٍ نُصِيبُهُ "، فَرَدُّوا إِلَى النَّاسِ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَبْنَاءَهُمْ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاتَّبَعَهُ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، اقْسِمْ عَلَيْنَا فَيْئَنَا، حَتَّى اضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ فَانْتُزِعَتْ عَنْهُ رِدَاءُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ رِدَائِي، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ كَانَ لَكُمْ عَدَدُ شَجَرِ تِهَامَةَ نَعَمًا لَقَسَمْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ، ثُمَّ مَا أَلْفَيْتُمُونِي بَخِيلًا وَلَا جَبَانًا وَلَا كَذَّابًا "، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى جَنْبِ بَعِيرٍ وَأَخَذَ مِنْ سَنَامِهِ وَبَرَةً فَجَعَلَهَا بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ فَقَالَ: " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، وَاللهِ مَا لِي مِنْ فَيْئِكُمْ وَلَا هَذِهِ الْوَبَرَةِ إِلَّا الْخُمُسَ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ؛ فَأَدُّوا الْخِيَاطَ وَالْمَخِيطَ؛ فَإِنَّ الْغُلُولَ عَارٌ وَنَارٌ وَشَنَارٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ "، فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ بِكُبَّةٍ مِنْ خُيُوطِ شَعَرٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَخَذْتُ هَذَا لِأَخِيطَ بِهِ بَرْذَعَةَ بَعِيرٍ لِي دَبَرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّا حَقِّي مِنْهَا لَكَ "، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: أَمَّا إِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَمْرُ هَذَا فَلَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِهَا، فَرَمَى بِهَا مِنْ يَدِهِ.
Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both), that he said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at Hunayn. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) had taken from Banu Hawazin what he took of their wealth and captives, the delegation of Hawazin caught up with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at al-Ji'ranah, and they had submitted. They said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We have lineage and a clan, and such calamity has befallen us as is not hidden from you, so do us a favour, and Allah will do you a favour. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Are your wives and children dearer to you, or your wealth?" They said: You have given us a choice between our (women) and our wealth; our children and our wives are dearer to us. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whatever is my share and that of Banu Abd al-Muttalib, I have given it to you. And when I lead the people in prayer, stand up and say: We make the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) our intercessor with the Muslims, and the Muslims our intercessors with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), concerning our children and our women. Then I will give to you at that time, and I will intercede for you." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led the people in the Zuhr prayer, they stood up and said what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had commanded them. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whatever is my share and that of Banu Abd al-Muttalib is yours." Hearing this, the Muhajirun (may Allah be pleased with them) also said: Our shares too are for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); and the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with them) said: Our shares too are for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna al-Aqra' bin Habis (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I and Banu Tamim are not included in this. And Sayyiduna al-Abbas bin Mirdas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I and Banu Sulaym are not included in this either. (Then) Banu Sulaym said: Our shares too are for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Uyaynah bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I and Banu Fazarah are not included in this. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever of you has held back his right, for him there are six camels; from the first fay' we will give him his share. So return to these people their women and children." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mounted, and the people were behind him (peace and blessings be upon him), saying: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Distribute our wealth to us; until they hemmed him (peace and blessings be upon him) in against a tree, and his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed cloak was pulled away from him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O people! Return my cloak to me. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! Even if there were animals as many as the trees of Tihamah, I would distribute them among you, and then you would not find me miserly, cowardly or a liar." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood beside a camel, took some hair from its hump, placed it in his palm and said: "O people! There is nothing for me from your spoils, not even this hair, except the one-fifth, and the one-fifth too will be returned to you." Then he said: "O people! Hand over even the needle and thread, for misappropriating the spoils will be shame, fire and disgrace for the one who does it on the Day of Resurrection." A man from the Ansar came with a bundle of hair and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I took this in order to mend something. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "My right in it is yours." The man said: If that is the case, I have no need of anything, and he threw it away.
