السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
جماع أبواب تفريق الخمس -- باب: سهم الله وسهم رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم من خمس الفيء والغنيمة
Collected chapters on distributing the fifth -- Chapter: The share of Allah and the share of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) from the fifth of fay and spoils
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الشَّعْرَانِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: " إِنَّمَا اسْتَفْتَحَ اللهُ الْكَلَامَ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ بِذِكْرِ نَفْسِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا أَشْرَفُ الْكَسْبِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يُشَرَّفُ وَيُعَظَّمُ، وَلَمْ يَنْسِبِ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ ".
Sufyan bin Uyaynah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah Almighty began the discourse on fay' and spoils by mentioning Himself, because it is the best of earnings, and every thing of honour and nobility is attributed to Him; and charity is not attributed to Him, because it is the dirt of people.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ٤١]، فَقَالَ: " هَذَا مِفْتَاحُ كَلَامِ: لِلَّهِ مَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ".
Qays bin Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked al-Hasan bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) about this saying of Allah Almighty: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of anything, then indeed one-fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41]. He said: This is an opening of speech, (for) whatever is in this world and the Hereafter belongs to Allah.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي عَائِشَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ الْجَزَّارِ قُلْتُ: كَمْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ؟ قَالَ: " خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ ".
Musa bin Abi A'ishah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked Yahya bin al-Jazzar (may Allah have mercy on him); I said: How much of the one-fifth was for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? He said: One-fifth of the one-fifth.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، أنا مُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا ⦗٥٥١⦘ غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال: ٤١]، قَالَ: " يُقَسَّمُ الْخُمُسُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَخْمَاسٍ، فَخُمُسُ اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ وَاحِدٌ، وَيُقَسَّمُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْآخَرِينَ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَقَتَادَةَ كَذَلِكَ، وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: خُمْسُ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَاحِدٌ.
It is narrated from Ibrahim concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of anything, then indeed one-fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41], that he said: The one-fifth used to be divided into five parts; one part of them was for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), and the rest were divided among the others.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْمَشَّاطُ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ، قَالَ: " خُمْسُ اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ وَاحِدٌ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِ مَا شَاءَ ".
It is narrated from Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And know that whatever you take as spoils of anything, then indeed one-fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Surah al-Anfal: 41], that the one-fifth belongs to Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him); the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to spend it wherever he wished.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ الْأَسْوَدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ عَبْسَةَ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَعِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَخَذَ وَبَرَةً مِنْ جَنْبِ الْبَعِيرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " وَلَا يَحِلُّ مِنْ غَنَائِمِكُمْ مِثْلُ هَذَا، إِلَّا الْخُمُسَ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَدْ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي مَاضِيًا، وَصَلَّى اللهُ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدَنَا فِي سَهْمِهِ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: يُرَدُّ عَلَى السُّهْمَانِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللهُ مَعَهُ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: يَضَعُهُ الْإِمَامُ حَيْثُ رَأَى عَلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ: يَضَعُهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، وَالَّذِي أَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَضَعَهُ الْإِمَامُ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرٍ حُصِّنَ بِهِ الْإِسْلَامُ وَأَهْلُهُ، مِنْ سَدِّ ثَغْرٍ، أَوْ إِعْدَادِ كُرَاعٍ أَوْ سِلَاحٍ، أَوْ إِعْطَاءِ أَهْلِ الْبَلَاءِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ نَفْلًا عِنْدَ الْحَرْبِ وَغَيْرِ الْحَرْبِ إِعْدَادًا لِلزِّيَادَةِ فِي تَعْزِيرِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ، عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَعْطَى الْمُؤَلَّفَةَ، وَنَفَّلَ فِي الْحَرْبِ، وَأَعْطَى عَامَ خَيْبَرَ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ أَهْلَ حَاجَةٍ وَفَضْلٍ، وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ أَهْلُ فَاقَةٍ، نَرَى ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ كُلَّهُ مِنْ سَهْمِهِ.
Amr bin Abasah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer beside a camel from the spoils. After saying the salam, he (peace and blessings be upon him) took some hair from the side of the camel, then said: "Not even this much of your spoils is lawful for me, except the one-fifth, and the one-fifth too is returned to you."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has passed away, may my father and mother be sacrificed for him, and may Allah and His angels send their blessings upon him. Our people of knowledge have differed concerning his (peace and blessings be upon him) share. Some said: It will be returned to the shares that Allah has mentioned. Some said: It will be spent at the discretion of the Imam, wherever he wishes, for Islam and the people of Islam. And some said: He will keep it for weapons and the like. What I prefer is that the Imam keeps it for the affairs of Islam and for the people of Islam, for weapons and the like, or to give as a reward to those who have rendered distinguished service in Islam, whether in war or outside a state of war. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spent it in this way: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave to win hearts, gave in war, and in the year of Khaybar gave to his Companions from among the Muhajirun and the Ansar, to the needy and to people of merit, and most of them were needy; he gave all of them from his share. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) also used to give to win hearts.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has passed away, may my father and mother be sacrificed for him, and may Allah and His angels send their blessings upon him. Our people of knowledge have differed concerning his (peace and blessings be upon him) share. Some said: It will be returned to the shares that Allah has mentioned. Some said: It will be spent at the discretion of the Imam, wherever he wishes, for Islam and the people of Islam. And some said: He will keep it for weapons and the like. What I prefer is that the Imam keeps it for the affairs of Islam and for the people of Islam, for weapons and the like, or to give as a reward to those who have rendered distinguished service in Islam, whether in war or outside a state of war. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spent it in this way: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave to win hearts, gave in war, and in the year of Khaybar gave to his Companions from among the Muhajirun and the Ansar, to the needy and to people of merit, and most of them were needy; he gave all of them from his share. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) also used to give to win hearts.
َفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، ثنا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا وُهَيْبٌ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَا أَفَاءَ، قَسَمَ فِي النَّاسِ فِي الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ أَوْ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْأَنْصَارَ شَيْئًا، فَكَأَنَّهُ وَجَدَ إِذْ لَمْ يُصِبْهُمْ مَا أَصَابَ، أَوْ كَأَنَّهُمْ وَجَدُوا إِذْ لَمْ يُصِبْهُمْ مَا أَصَابَ النَّاسَ، فَخَطَبَهُمْ فَقَالَ: " يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟ وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟ وَعَالَةً فَأَغْنَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟ " ⦗٥٥٢⦘ قَالَ: كُلَّمَا قَالَ شَيْئًا قَالُوا: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمَنُّ، قَالَ: " مَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ أَنْ تُجِيبُوا؟ "، قَالُوا: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمَنُّ، قَالَ: " لَوْ شِئْتُمْ قُلْتُمْ جِئْتَنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا، أَلَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ النَّاسُ بِالشَّاةِ وَالْبَعِيرِ وَتَذْهَبُونَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى رِحَالِكُمْ؟ لَوْلَا الْهِجْرَةُ لَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَلَوْ سَلَكَ النَّاسُ وَادِيًا أَوْ شِعْبًا لَسَلَكْتُ وَادِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَشِعْبَهَا، الْأَنْصَارُ شِعَارٌ وَالنَّاسُ دِثَارٌ، إِنَّكُمْ سَتَلْقَوْنَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً؛ فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى.
Abdullah bin Zayd bin Asim (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When Allah gave His Messenger wealth on the day of Hunayn, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed it among the people to win their hearts and gave nothing to the Ansar. They felt aggrieved that what had been given to the people had not been given to us. He (peace and blessings be upon him) addressed them, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O company of the Ansar! Did I not find you astray, and then Allah guided you through me? And you were divided, and Allah united you through me, and made you rich." At each of his (peace and blessings be upon him) sentences they would say: We are most indebted to Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What prevented you from answering these things?" They said: We are indebted to Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you wished, you could have said such-and-such too. Are you not pleased that the people take away sheep and camels and you take the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to your homes? Were it not for the merit of the Hijrah, I would have been a man of the Ansar. If the people were to walk in a mountain pass or a valley, I would walk in the valley and mountain pass of the Ansar. The Ansar are like the garment that always stays next to the body, and other people are like the outer garment. After me you will be left behind others; so be patient until you meet me at the Pond."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نُعْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: بَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِذَهَبِيَّةٍ فِي تُرْبَتِهَا، فَقَسَمَهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ زَيْدٍ الطَّائِيِّ ثُمَّ أَحَدِ بَنِي نَبْهَانَ، وَبَيْنَ الْأَقْرَعِ بْنِ حَابِسٍ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ ثُمَّ أَحَدِ بَنِي مُجَاشِعٍ، وَبَيْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ وَبَيْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عُلَاثَةَ الْعَامِرِيِّ، ثُمَّ أَحَدِ بَنِي كِلَابٍ، فَغَضِبَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَقَالَتْ: يُعْطِي صَنَادِيدَ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ وَيَدَعُنَا؟ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّمَا أَتَأَلَّفُهُمْ "، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ غَائِرُ الْعَيْنَيْنِ، نَاتِئُ الْجَبِينِ، مُشْرَبُ الْوَجْنَتَيْنِ، كَثُّ اللِّحْيَةِ، مَحْلُوقُ الرَّأْسِ، فَقَالَ: اتَّقِ اللهَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللهَ إِذَا عَصَيْتُهُ؟ أَيَأْمَنُنِي عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَأْمَنُونِي؟ " فَسَأَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ قَتْلَهُ، قَالَ: أُرَاهُ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، فَمَنَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ مِنْ ضِئْضِئِ هَذَا قَوْمٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ حَنَاجِرَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، يَقْتُلُونَ أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَيَدَعُونَ أَهْلَ الْأَوْثَانِ، لَئِنْ لَقِيتُهُمْ لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُمْ قَتْلَ عَادٍ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ وَالِدِ الثَّوْرِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) related that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) sent some gold from Yemen to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed it among four men: al-Aqra' bin Habis al-Hanzali, Uyaynah bin Hisn, Zayd al-Ta'i (of Banu Nabhan) and Alqamah bin Ulathah al-Amiri (of Banu Kilab). Quraysh became angry and said: "You have given to the chiefs of the people of Najd and left us out?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have given to them to win their hearts." Then a man came whose eyes were sunken, cheeks swollen, forehead protruding, beard very thick and head shaved, and he said: "O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! Fear Allah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If I myself disobey Allah, then who will obey Him? Allah Almighty has sent me as trustworthy over the earth; do you not consider me trustworthy?" At this man's insolence a Companion (the narrator said: I think it was Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him)) sought permission to kill him, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped him from doing so. Then when that man began to leave, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "From this man's offspring there will come people who will recite the Qur'an, but the Qur'an will not go down beyond their throats. They will pass out of the religion as an arrow passes out of the bow. They will kill Muslims and leave idol-worshippers alive. If I find them, I will kill them as the people of Ad were killed."
وَأَمَّا النَّفْلُ فَفِيمَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْوَلِيدُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: " بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى نَجْدٍ، فَخَرَجْتُ فِيهَا فَأَصَبْنَا إِبِلًا وَغَنَمًا، فَبَلَغَتْ سُهْمَانُنَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا، وَنَفَّلَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ كَمَا مَضَى.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a raiding party towards Najd, and I too went with it. We obtained camels and sheep, and our shares reached twelve camels, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave us one more camel each.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا زُهَيْرٌ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحُرِّ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ، يَعْنِي الْآيَةَ، فِي الْمَغْنَمِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ تَرَكَ النَّفْلَ الَّذِي كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ، فَصَارَ ذَلِكَ فِي خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ، وَهُوَ سَهْمُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَسَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّاسُ يُعْطَوْنَ النَّفْلَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ.
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that before the verse of the spoils was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give people (extra) wealth; when the verse was revealed, he (peace and blessings be upon him) stopped giving in the way he used to give before. So this became (part of) the fifth of the one-fifth, and that is the share of Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، كَانَ مَعَ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ فِي غَزَاةٍ غَزَاهَا، فَأَصَابُوا سَبْيًا، فَأَرَادَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أَنَسًا مِنَ السَّبْيِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ، فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ: " لَا، وَلَكِنِ اقْسِمْ، ثُمَّ أَعْطِنِي مِنَ الْخُمُسِ " وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ.
It is narrated from Ibn Sirin (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) was with Ubaydullah bin Abi Bakrah in a campaign, and they obtained captives. Ubaydullah intended to give Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) a captive before the distribution. Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "No, rather distribute first, then give me from the one-fifth."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمَهْرِيُّ، أنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَمَّا افْتُتِحَتْ خَيْبَرُ سَأَلَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُقِرَّهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُقِرُّكُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا شِئْنَا "، فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ الثَّمَرُ يُقْسَمُ عَلَى السُّهْمَانِ مِنْ نِصْفِ خَيْبَرَ، وَيَأْخُذُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْخُمُسَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُطْعِمُ كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ تَمْرًا، وَعِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا شَعِيرًا فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ عُمَرُ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُنَّ: مَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُنَّ أَنْ أَقْسِمَ لَهَا نَخْلًا بِخَرْصِهَا مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ فَيَكُونُ لَهَا أَصْلُهَا وَأَرْضُهَا وَمَاؤُهَا، وَمِنَ الزَّرْعِ مَزْرَعَةَ خَرْصٍ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا فَعَلْنَا، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ نَعْزِلَ الَّذِي لَهَا فِي الْخُمُسِ كَمَا هُوَ فَعَلْنَا.
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when Khaybar was conquered, the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to let them stay on condition that they would work for half (the produce). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I let you stay on that condition for as long as we wish." So they remained on that condition. The fruit of half of Khaybar used to be divided into shares, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to take the one-fifth of it, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give his wives from the one-fifth one hundred wasqs of dates and twenty wasqs of barley. When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to expel the Jews, he sent word to the Mothers of the Believers that whichever of you wishes, I will give her date-palms from which I will give a hundred wasqs of dates along with their root and with the water; likewise, from the cultivated land I will also give trees equal to twenty wasqs of barley; and whoever wishes, I will set aside a portion for her from the one-fifth.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنٍ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَمَّنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَذَكَرَا قِسْمَةَ خَيْبَرَ، قَالَا: " ثُمَّ قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خُمُسَهُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ قَرَابَتِهِ وَبَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ وَبَيْنَ رِجَالٍ وَنِسَاءٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْهَا، فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِابْنَتِهِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ، وَلعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ، وَلِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ، مِنْهَا خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا نَوًى، وَلِعِيسَى بْنِ نُقِيمٍ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ، وَلِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ " فَذَكَرَا جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ قَسَمَ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا.
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Abi Bakr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) that when the division of Khaybar was mentioned, they said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed his one-fifth among his relatives, his wives, and Muslim men and women, and gave to them from it. From it the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave two hundred wasqs to his daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), one hundred wasqs to Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), two hundred wasqs to Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him), fifty wasqs of which were of date stones, two hundred wasqs to Isa bin Nuqaym, and two hundred wasqs to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) as well.
