السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: المدد يلحق بالمسلمين قبل أن ينقطع الحرب، أو لم يأتوا حتى ينقطع الحرب، وما روي في الغنيمة أنها لمن شهد الوقعة
Reinforcements that join the Muslims before the fighting ends or arrive only after it ends, and the report that the spoils are for those present at the battle
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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي بُرَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَذَكَرَ قُدُومَهُمْ عَلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِالْحَبَشَةِ، قَالَ: " فَأَقَمْنَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا جَمِيعًا، قَالَ: فَوَافَقْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ، فَأَسْهَمَ لَنَا، أَوْ قَالَ: أَعْطَانَا مِنْهَا، وَمَا قَسَمَ لِأَحَدٍ غَابَ عَنْ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ سَفِينَتِنَا مَعَ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَسَمَ لَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ " أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ إِنْ حَضَرُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْقَطِعَ الْحَرْبُ، أَوْ قَبْلَ حِيَازَةِ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَأَشْرَكَهُمْ فِيهَا فَهِيَ فِي مَسْأَلَتِنَا، وَإِنْ حَضَرُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَعَلَيْهِ يَدُلُّ:.
Sayyiduna Abu Musa mentioned their coming to Ja'far bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with them both) in Abyssinia and said: We stayed with him until we all came at the time Khaybar was conquered, and we too met up with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave us a share as well, and he did not divide (any of it) for anyone who was absent from the conquest of Khaybar, but only gave to those who were present there, except for the people of the ship who were with Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions; for them too he (peace and blessings be upon him) made a division.
مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، ثنا بُرَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: " قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ، فَأَسْهَمَ لَنَا، وَلَمْ يُسْهَمْ لِأَحَدٍ، يَعْنِي لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْفَتْحَ، غَيْرَنَا " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ حَفْصٍ. وَرَوَاهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنْ حَفْصٍ، وَقَالَ: بَعْدَمَا افْتَتَحَهَا بِثَلَاثٍ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ سَهْمِ الْمَصَالِحِ، أَوْ أَشْرَكَهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ بِرِضَا الْغَانِمِينَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي قِصَّةِ جَعْفَرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوهُمْ فِي مَقَاسِمِ خَيْبَرَ، فَفَعَلُوا، وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ صَحِيحٌ فِي قِصَّةِ قُدُومِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) after the conquest of Khaybar, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave us a share, and he did not give a share to anyone else, meaning anyone besides us who had not been present at the conquest of Khaybar. It is possible that he (peace and blessings be upon him) included them on the basis of the public interest, or that he included them in the spoils with the consent of those who had won the spoils. It is also reported through another chain that he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked his Companions to include them in the distribution of the conquest of Khaybar, and they did so.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ خَيْبَرَ بَعْدَمَا افْتَتَحُوهَا، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُسْهِمَ لِي مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ بَنِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ: لَا تُسْهِمْ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَذَا قَاتِلُ ابْنِ قَوْقَلٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ: " وَاعَجَبًا لِوَبْرٍ تَدَلَّى عَلَيْنَا مِنْ قَدُومِ ضَانٍ، يَنْعَى عَلَيَّ قَتْلَ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَكْرَمَهُ اللهُ عَلَى يَدِيَّ، وَلَمْ يُهِنِّي عَلَى يَدَيْهِ " قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَلَا أَحْفَظُهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَسْهَمَ لَهُ أَوْ لَمْ يُسْهِمْ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: سَمِعْتُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ سَأَلَ الزُّهْرِيَّ عَنْهُ، وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ..
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions at the time when they had conquered Khaybar, and I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that a share of the spoils be set aside for me as well. A man from Banu Sa'id said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), do not give him a share. I said: O Messenger of Allah, this man is the killer of Ibn Qawqal. The son of Sa'id said: How strange that this creature has only just come here from a mountain top, grazing goats, and he accuses me of killing a Muslim man whom Allah Almighty honoured at my hands, and He spared me from being humiliated at his hands.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَ سُفْيَانَ، وَزَادَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: حَدَّثَنِيهِ السَّعِيدِيُّ أَيْضًا، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ، وَاسْمُ السَّعِيدِيِّ عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَجَدُّهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
It is narrated from Sa'id like the previous narration. He narrates from his grandfather, and he through Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The name of al-Sa'idi is Amr bin Yahya bin Sa'id bin al-'As, and his grandfather's name is Sa'id bin Amr.
فَذَكَرَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يُحَدِّثُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ أَبَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَقَدِمَ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَيْبَرَ بَعْدَ أَنْ فَتَحَهَا، وَإِنَّ حِزَمَ خَيْلِهِمْ لِيفٌ، فَقَالَ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ: اقْسِمْ لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: فَقُلْتُ: لَا تَقْسِمْ لَهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَقَالَ أَبَانُ: أَنْتَ بِهَا وَبَرٌ تَحَدَّرَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ رَأْسِ ضَانٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اجْلِسْ يَا أَبَانُ "، وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، وَهُوَ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى: لَمْ يُقِمِ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، يَعْنِي مَتْنَهُ، وَالْحَدِيثُ حَدِيثُ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ.
Anbasah bin Sa'id reported that he heard Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrating to Sa'id bin al-'As that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Aban bin Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) in command of a raiding party from Madinah towards Najd. Then Aban and his companions came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) after Khaybar had been conquered, and their horses were weak. Aban said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Give us something too." Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Do not set aside a share for them." Aban said: "O wabr! Your standing is merely that you have come down to us from the top of Da'n." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Aban, sit down," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not set aside a share for them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ " أَنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَتَحَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ فِي خَيْلٍ لَهُ فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يُسْهِمَ لَهُ وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: وَكَانَتْ حِزَمَ خَيْلِهِمُ اللِّيفُ " فَهَذَا يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ فِي مَتْنِهِ، وَيُخَالِفُهُ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ: الْحَدِيثَانِ مَحْفُوظَانِ؛ حَدِيثُ عَنْبَسَةَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، وَحَدِيثُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that Allah Almighty granted the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the conquest of Khaybar. Then Aban bin Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) with his troop, and asked for a share for himself and his companions. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not give it. Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The horses of these people were in poor condition.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: " مَا شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَغْنَمًا إِلَّا قَسَمَ لِي، إِلَا خَيْبَرَ؛ فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ لِأَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ خَاصَّةً " وَكَانَ أَبُو مُوسَى وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ جَاءَا بَيْنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَبَيْنَ خَيْبَرَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the spoils and he gave to me as well, except at Khaybar, because it was exclusively for the people of Hudaybiyah. And Sayyiduna Abu Musa and Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with them both) had come between Khaybar and Hudaybiyah.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا وُهَيْبٌ، ثنا خُثَيْمُ بْنُ عِرَاكٍ، عَنْ ⦗٥٤٤⦘ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ نَفَرٍ مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ، قَالُوا: إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَدْ خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سِبَاعُ بْنُ عُرْفُطَةَ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: " فَوَجَدْنَاهُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا مِنْ صَلَاتِنَا أَتَيْنَا سِبَاعَ بْنَ عُرْفُطَةَ فَزَوَّدَنَا تَمْرًا، حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ، وَكَلَّمَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَشْرَكونَا فِي سُهْمَانِهِمْ " وَرَوَاهُ رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ خُثَيْمِ بْنِ عِرَاكٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، وَقَالَ: فَاسْتَأْذَنَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَنَا مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ، فَأَذِنُوا لَهُ، فَقَسَمَ لَنَا..
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had gone out to Khaybar, and a man from Banu Ghifar had been appointed as deputy over Madinah; he was called Siba' bin Urfutah. Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We found him at the Fajr prayer. After finishing the prayer we came to him, and he provided us with dates, until we came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when Khaybar had already been conquered. The Muslims spoke about it, and they included us in their shares. In one narration the wording is that he (peace and blessings be upon him) sought the people's permission that "we too be given from the spoils"; they gave permission, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave to us as well.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ، أنا أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسْطَامٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. الرِّوَايَاتُ فِي قُدُومِهِ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ أَصَحُّ، ثُمَّ رِوَايَةُ مَنْ رَوَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْهِمْ لَهُ، أَرَادَ قِسْمَةَ مَنْ شَهِدَهَا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ أَشْرَكَهُمْ فِي سُهْمَانِهِمْ بِرِضَاهُمْ كَمَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
The narrations stating that they came after the conquest of Khaybar are more authentic. And not giving him a share was his (peace and blessings be upon him) intention that "the distribution is for whoever was present at it"; and it is possible that he included them in the shares with the people's consent.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لِغَائِبٍ فِي مَغْنَمٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدْهُ إِلَّا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قَسَمَ لِغَائِبِ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَانَ أَعْطَى خَيْبَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَقَالَ {وَعَدَكُمُ اللهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ} [الفتح: ٢٠]، وَكَانَتْ لِأَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْهُمْ، وَمَنْ غَابَ، وَلِمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنَ النَّاسِ غَيْرِهِمْ " وَعَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: بَلَغَنَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ قَسَمَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَكَانَ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ تَخَلَّفَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَصَابَتْهَا الْحَصْبَةُ، فَجَاءَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ بَشِيرًا بِوَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ وَعُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى قَبْرِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدْفِنُهَا، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَسَمَ لِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَكَانَا غَائِبَيْنِ بِالشَّامِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَغِبْ عَنْ خَيْبَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ إِلَّا جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَأَمَّا قِسْمَتُهُ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ غَنَائِمَ بَدْرٍ فَقَدْ مَضَتِ الدَّلَالَةُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَضَعُهَا حَيْثُ أَرَاهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَإِنَّمَا صَارَتِ الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ بَعْدَ قِسْمَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It has reached us that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not set aside a share for anyone who was not present at the time of the spoils, except at the conquest of Khaybar, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed the wealth of the conquest of Khaybar to the people of Hudaybiyah, on account of the saying of Allah Almighty: "Allah has promised you much spoils that you will take, and He has hastened this for you" [Surah al-Fath: 20]. So those spoils were for the people of Hudaybiyah, whoever of them was present or absent, besides those others who were present there. It is also reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted a share for Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), although he had stayed behind to look after his wife (Sayyidah Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), may Allah be pleased with her), illness having seized her; and Sayyiduna Zayd bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) came bringing the good news of the Battle of Badr while Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was burying Sayyidah Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), may Allah be pleased with her, in her grave. Ibn Shihab said: It has also reached us that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted a share for Talhah bin Ubaydullah and Sa'id bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both), while they were both absent in Syria.
The Shaykh said: It is narrated from Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) that none of the people of Hudaybiyah was absent from Khaybar except Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him). And the allotment for Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) at Badr was on the basis that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) assigned those spoils wherever Allah Almighty willed; and after Badr, the spoils were for whoever was present at the battle.
The Shaykh said: It is narrated from Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) that none of the people of Hudaybiyah was absent from Khaybar except Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him). And the allotment for Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) at Badr was on the basis that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) assigned those spoils wherever Allah Almighty willed; and after Badr, the spoils were for whoever was present at the battle.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الْأَحْمَسِيِّ قَالَ: غَزَتْ بَنُو عُطَارِدٍ مَاءَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَأُمِدُّوا بِعَمَّارٍ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، فَخَرَجَ قَبْلَ الْوَقْعَةِ، وَقَدِمَ بَعْدَ الْوَقْعَةِ فَقَالَ: نَحْنُ شُرَكَاؤُهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ. فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عُطَارِدٍ فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا الْعَبْدُ الْمُجَدَّعُ، تُرِيدُ أَنْ نَقْسِمَ لَكَ غَنَائِمَنَا؟ وَكَانَتْ أُذُنُهُ أُصِيبَتْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، فَقَالَ: عَيَّرْتُمُونِي بِأَحَبِّ أُذُنِيَّ، أَوْ خَيْرِ أُذُنِيَّ. قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَتَبَ " أَنَّ الْغَنِيمَةَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قِصَّةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ: إِنَّمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ.
Tariq bin Shihab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Banu Utarid fought a battle, and they had been reinforced from Kufa with Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him). He set out before the battle and arrived after the battle, and said: We too are your partners in the spoils. A man from Banu Utarid stood up and said: O slave! Do you intend that we set aside a share for you too from our spoils? And his ear had been cut off in the path of Allah. He said: You taunt me about my ears, about something dear to me. So they wrote to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) about this, and he replied: The spoils are for whoever was present at the battle.
وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْغَسَّانِيُّ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، وَرَاشِدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، قَالَا: " سَارَتِ الرُّومُ إِلَى حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ وَهُوَ بِأَرْمِينِيَّةَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ يَسْتَمِدُّهُ، فَكَتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْعِرَاقِ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُمِدَّ حَبِيبًا، فَأَمَدَّهُ بِأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَلْمَانَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيَّ، فَسَارُوا يُرِيدُونَ غِيَاثَ حَبِيبٍ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَقِيَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الْعَدُوَّ، فَفَتَحَ اللهُ لَهُمْ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ سَلْمَانُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى حَبِيبٍ سَأَلُوهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَقَالُوا: قَدْ أَمْدَدْنَاكُمْ، وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ: لَمْ تَشْهَدُوا الْقِتَالَ، لَيْسَ لَكُمْ مَعَنَا شَيْءٌ وَأَبَى حَبِيبٌ أَنْ يُشْرِكَهُمْ، وَحَوَى وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى غَنِيمَتِهِمْ، فَتَنَازَعَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَادَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ كَوْنٌ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ: إِنْ تَقْتُلُوا سَلْمَانَ نَقْتُلْ حَبِيبَكُمْ، وَإِنْ تَرْحَلُوا نَحْوَ ابْنِ عَفَّانَ نَرْحَلْ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْغَسَّانِيُّ: فَسَمِعْتُ أَنَّهَا أَوَّلُ عَدَاوَةٍ وَقَعَتْ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ".
Atiyyah bin Qays and Rashid bin Sa'd (may Allah have mercy on them both) said: The Romans marched against Habib bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was in Armenia. So he wrote to Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him to help them. Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to the governor of Iraq and ordered him to help Habib (may Allah be pleased with him). So he prepared the people of Iraq as reinforcement and appointed Salman bin Rabi'ah al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) as their commander. They set out to help Habib (may Allah be pleased with him), but they did not reach them before the enemy came upon him and his companions. Allah granted them victory. When Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions came to Habib (may Allah be pleased with him), they asked that they be included in the spoils too: We have helped you. The people of Syria said: You did not take part in the fighting with us; we have nothing for you. Habib (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to include them, and he and his companions took possession of the spoils. A dispute arose between the people of Syria and the people of Iraq to such an extent that something (fighting) nearly broke out between them. Some of the Iraqis said: If you kill our Salman, we will kill your Habib, and if you wish to go to Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), we will go too. Abu Bakr al-Ghassani said: I heard that this was the first enmity that arose between the people of Iraq and the people of Syria.
