السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: المملوك والمرأة يرضخ لهما ولا يسهم
A slave and a woman are given a small reward and no full share
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ، أنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ قَيْسًا يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ نَجْدَةُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي سُؤَالِهِ وَفِي جَوَابِهِ قَالَ: وَسَأَلْتُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَالْعَبْدِ: هَلْ كَانَ لَهُمَا سَهْمٌ مَعْلُومٌ إِذَا حَضَرَا الْبَأْسَ؟ قَالَ: " إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمَا سَهْمٌ مَعْلُومٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُحْذَيَا مِنْ غَنَائِمِ الْعَدُوِّ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: " وَأَمَّا السَّهْمُ، فَلَمْ يُضْرَبْ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ ".
Yazid bin Hurmuz says that Najdah wrote to Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) asking him about certain things, and he mentioned his question and the answer of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "You have asked about the woman and the slave, whether they have a share when they take part in the fighting. They have no fixed share, but they are to be given something as a gratuity from the spoils of the enemy."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي: هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَغْزُو بِالنِّسَاءِ؟ وَقَدْ كَانَ يَغْزُو بِهِنَّ يُدَاوِينَ الْمَرْضَى، وَيُحْذَيْنَ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَأَمَّا السَّهْمُ فَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ حَاتِمٍ.
Yazid bin Hurmuz related the story, that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) wrote to him: You have asked me whether women used to go on military expeditions with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Indeed, they used to take part in the expeditions; they would treat the sick and would be given a gratuity from the spoils, but there was no fixed share for them.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عُمَيْرٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي اللَّحْمِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ خَيْبَرَ وَأَنَا عَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَسْهِمْ لِي، فَأَعْطَانِي سَيْفًا فَقَالَ: " تَقَلَّدْ هَذَا السَّيْفَ "، وَأَعْطَانِي خُرْثِيَّ مَتَاعٍ، وَلَمْ يُسْهِمْ لِي ⦗٥٤١⦘ أَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدِيثًا آخَرَ فِي الزَّكَاةِ، وَهَذَا الْمَتْنُ أَيْضًا صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِهِ.
Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him), the slave of Abu al-Lahm, related: I was present at Khaybar while I was a slave. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Give me a share as well. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me a sword. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Hang this sword on yourself," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me some odds and ends of goods, but he did not give me a share.
Muslim recorded another hadith on zakah with this chain, and this text too is sahih (authentic) on his condition.
Muslim recorded another hadith on zakah with this chain, and this text too is sahih (authentic) on his condition.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، قَالُوا: أنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، ثنا رَافِعُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَشْرَجُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهَا خَرَجَتْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ سَادِسَ سِتِّ نِسْوَةٍ، فَبَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا، فَجِئْنَا فَرَأَيْنَا فِيهِ الْغَضَبَ، فَقَالَ: " مَعَ مَنْ خَرَجْتُنَّ؟ وَبِإِذْنِ مَنْ خَرَجْتُنَّ؟ فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، خَرَجْنَا نَغْزِلُ الشَّعْرَ، وَنُعِينُ بِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَمَعَنَا دَوَاءٌ لِلْجَرْحَى، وَنُنَاوِلُ السِّهَامَ، وَنَسْقِي السَّوِيقَ، فَقَالَ: " أَقِمْنَ ". حَتَّى إِذَا فَتْحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ خَيْبَرَ أَسْهَمَ لَنَا كَمَا أَسْهَمَ لِلرِّجَالِ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا جَدَّةُ، وَمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَتْ: تَمْرًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: إِخْبَارُهَا عَنْ عَيْنِ مَا أَعْطَاهُنَّ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى كَوْنِهِ رَضْخًا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمْ يُضْرَبْ لَهُنَّ سَهْمٌ، بَيَانُ ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ وغَيْرِهِ فِي الْإِسْهَامِ لَهُنَّ بِخَيْبَرَ وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ.
Hashraj bin Ziyad narrates from his grandmother (may Allah be pleased with her) that she went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the expedition of Khaybar. She was the sixth of six women. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent word to us to be called. When we came to him (peace and blessings be upon him), we saw anger in him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "With whom did you go out, and with whose permission did you go out?" We said: O Messenger of Allah! We came out to spin yarn and help with it in the path of Allah; we have medicine for the wounded, we will hand over the arrows and give sawiq to drink. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Stay." Then, when Allah Almighty granted the conquest of Khaybar, he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave us a share just as he gave the men. The narrator says: I asked my grandmother: O grandmother! What was it? She said: Dates.
The Shaykh said: In this report, what he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them was by way of a gratuity; he did not allot a share for them.
It is also narrated from Makhul and others that shares were allotted to them at Khaybar, but that is munqati' (broken chain); no proof is established by it.
The Shaykh said: In this report, what he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them was by way of a gratuity; he did not allot a share for them.
It is also narrated from Makhul and others that shares were allotted to them at Khaybar, but that is munqati' (broken chain); no proof is established by it.
