السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: ميراث أولاد الابن
The inheritance of a son's children
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْخَلَّالِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو يَعْلَى، قَالَا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، ⦗٣٧٧⦘ أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: " وَمِيرَاثُ الْوَلَدِ أَنَّهُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ فَتَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ كَانَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُمْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ، فَمَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمْ، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١] " قَالَ: " وَمَنْزِلَةُ وَلَدِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهُمْ وَلَدٌ، كَمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَلَدِ سَوَاءٌ، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، يَرِثُونَ كَمَا يَرِثُونَ، وَيَحْجُبُونَ كَمَا يَحْجُبُونَ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ الْوَلَدُ وَوَلَدُ الِابْنِ فَكَانَ فِي الْوَلَدِ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلَدُ ذَكَرًا وَكَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبَنَاتِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ لِبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ مَعَهُنَّ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ، أَوْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ، فَيَرُدُّ عَلَى مَنْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ فَضْلًا إِنْ فَضَلَ، فَيُقَسِّمُونَهُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلَدُ إِلَّا ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَتَرَكَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلَهُنَّ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ فَلَا سُدُسَ لَهُنَّ وَلَا فَرِيضَةَ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ فَضَلَ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ فَرِيضَةِ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ لِذَلِكَ الذَّكَرِ وَلِمَنْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، وَلَيْسَ لِمَنْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُنَّ".
Sayyiduna Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him)) that the inheritance of children (is ruled as follows): when a man or a woman dies and leaves one daughter, she has a half. If there are two or more (daughters), they have two-thirds. If there is a male (son) with them, none of them has a fixed share; rather, if anyone with a fixed share shares with them, one begins with him and gives him his share, and whatever (wealth) remains after that is between them, for the male the like of the share of two females. He said: The position of the sons' children, when there is no child above them, is exactly like that of the children; that is, grandsons and granddaughters through a son are like sons and daughters. They (the grandchildren) inherit as (the sons and daughters) inherit, and they block (others) as they block. If children and son's children come together and there is a male among the children, then none of the son's children has any inheritance alongside him. If there is no male among the children and there are two or more daughters, then the son's daughters have no inheritance alongside them, unless there is with the son's daughters a male who stands at their level in relation to the deceased, or is more distant than them; then he passes back to those at his level and those above him among the son's daughters any surplus, if there is a surplus, and they divide it "for the male the like of the share of two females." If nothing is left over, they get nothing. If the children consist of only one daughter, and he leaves a son's daughter or more son's daughters at one level, they have a sixth to complete the two-thirds. If there is a male with the son's daughters who is at their level, they have neither a sixth nor any fixed share; but if anything is left over after the shares of those with fixed shares, that surplus goes to that male and to the females at his level, for the male the like of the share of two females, and those more distant than them get nothing. If nothing is left over, they get nothing.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ " فِي ابْنَتَيْنِ وَبَنَاتِ ابْنٍ وَبَنِي ابْنٍ وَأُخْتَيْنِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَإِخْوَةٍ وَأَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ، أَنَّهَا أَشْرَكَتْ بَيْنَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ وَبَنِي الِابْنِ، وَبَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ والْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ فِيمَا بَقِيَ، يَعْنِي {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١] " قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا يُشْرِكُ بَيْنَهُمْ، يَعْنِي يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ لِلذَّكَرِ دُونَ الْإِنَاثِ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) concerning two daughters, son's daughters, son's sons, two full sisters, and paternal brothers and sisters, that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) made the son's daughters and son's sons, and the brothers and (paternal) sisters, share in what remained according to "for the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. And Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) would not make them share; that is, he kept the remaining wealth for the males only and not for the females.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ: قَدِمَ مَسْرُوقٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ يُشْرِكُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلْقَمَةُ: أَكَانَ أَحَدٌ أَثْبَتَ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، وَلَكِنِّي قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَأَيْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَأَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ يُشْرِكُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَإِخْوَةً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ، وَتَرَكَ بَنَاتٍ وَبَنَاتِ ابْنٍ وَبَنِي ابْنٍ ".
Alqamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) came from Madinah, and he used to make them share. Alqamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said to him: "Was anyone more reliable in your view than Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him)?" Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "No, but I went to Madinah and saw Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) and the people of Madinah making them share, in the case of a man who left full sisters, paternal brothers and sisters, daughters, son's daughters and son's sons."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَعَنْ أَصْحَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ: هَذَا مَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ عَلِيٌّ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ وَزَيْدٌ: " ابْنَتَانِ ⦗٣٧٨⦘ وَابْنُ ابْنٍ وَابْنَةُ ابْنٍ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ: لِلِابْنَتَيْنِ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ لِابْنِ الِابْنِ وَابْنَةِ الِابْنِ، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، وَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: لِلِابْنَتَيْنِ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلذَّكَرِ دُونَ الْأُنْثَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَزِيدُ الْبَنَاتِ عَلَى الثُّلُثَيْنِ، ابْنَةٌ وَابْنَةُ ابْنٍ وَابْنُ ابْنٍ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ: لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِابْنِ الِابْنِ وَلِبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، وَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ: لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ، وَلِبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ تَكْمِلَةُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِابْنِ الِابْنِ ".
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The matter on which Ali, Abdullah and Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them) differed is this: two daughters, a son's son and a son's daughter. According to the view of Ali and Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both), the two daughters get two-thirds and what remains is divided between the son's son and the son's daughter according to "for the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. According to the view of Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), the two daughters get two-thirds and the remainder goes to the male, not the female, because he did not hold that daughters get more than two-thirds.
A daughter, a son's daughter and a son's son: according to the view of Ali and Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both), the daughter gets a half and what remains is between the son's son and the son's daughters according to "for the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. According to the view of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), the daughter gets a half, the son's daughters get what completes the two-thirds, and what remains is for the son's son.
A daughter, a son's daughter and a son's son: according to the view of Ali and Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both), the daughter gets a half and what remains is between the son's son and the son's daughters according to "for the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. According to the view of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), the daughter gets a half, the son's daughters get what completes the two-thirds, and what remains is for the son's son.
