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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: ميراث أولاد الابن
Chapter: The inheritance of a son's children
Bayhaqi 12313 — The inheritance of a son's children
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْخَلَّالِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو يَعْلَى، قَالَا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، ⦗٣٧٧⦘ أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: " وَمِيرَاثُ الْوَلَدِ أَنَّهُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ فَتَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ كَانَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُمْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ، فَمَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمْ، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١] " قَالَ: " وَمَنْزِلَةُ وَلَدِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهُمْ وَلَدٌ، كَمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَلَدِ سَوَاءٌ، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، يَرِثُونَ كَمَا يَرِثُونَ، وَيَحْجُبُونَ كَمَا يَحْجُبُونَ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ الْوَلَدُ وَوَلَدُ الِابْنِ فَكَانَ فِي الْوَلَدِ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلَدُ ذَكَرًا وَكَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْبَنَاتِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ لِبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ مَعَهُنَّ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ، أَوْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ، فَيَرُدُّ عَلَى مَنْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ فَضْلًا إِنْ فَضَلَ، فَيُقَسِّمُونَهُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْوَلَدُ إِلَّا ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَتَرَكَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلَهُنَّ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الِابْنِ ذَكَرٌ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِنَّ فَلَا سُدُسَ لَهُنَّ وَلَا فَرِيضَةَ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ فَضَلَ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ فَرِيضَةِ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ لِذَلِكَ الذَّكَرِ وَلِمَنْ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، وَلَيْسَ لِمَنْ هُوَ أَطْرَفُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُنَّ".
Sayyiduna Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him)) that the inheritance of children (is ruled as follows): when a man or a woman dies and leaves one daughter, she has a half. If there are two or more (daughters), they have two-thirds. If there is a male (son) with them, none of them has a fixed share; rather, if anyone with a fixed share shares with them, one begins with him and gives him his share, and whatever (wealth) remains after that is between them, for the male the like of the share of two females. He said: The position of the sons' children, when there is no child above them, is exactly like that of the children; that is, grandsons and granddaughters through a son are like sons and daughters. They (the grandchildren) inherit as (the sons and daughters) inherit, and they block (others) as they block. If children and son's children come together and there is a male among the children, then none of the son's children has any inheritance alongside him. If there is no male among the children and there are two or more daughters, then the son's daughters have no inheritance alongside them, unless there is with the son's daughters a male who stands at their level in relation to the deceased, or is more distant than them; then he passes back to those at his level and those above him among the son's daughters any surplus, if there is a surplus, and they divide it "for the male the like of the share of two females." If nothing is left over, they get nothing. If the children consist of only one daughter, and he leaves a son's daughter or more son's daughters at one level, they have a sixth to complete the two-thirds. If there is a male with the son's daughters who is at their level, they have neither a sixth nor any fixed share; but if anything is left over after the shares of those with fixed shares, that surplus goes to that male and to the females at his level, for the male the like of the share of two females, and those more distant than them get nothing. If nothing is left over, they get nothing.
