السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الغصب
Book of Usurpation
باب: لا يملك أحد بالجناية شيئا جنى عليه إلا أن يشاء هو والمالك
No one owns something by damaging it unless he and the owner both agree
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ح قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ، ثنا جَدِّي، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، وَفِيهِ: " لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا مَا أَعْطَاهُ مِنْ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ، وَلَا تَظْلِمُوا، وَلَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said in the sermon of the Farewell Hajj: "Nothing of his brother's wealth is lawful for any person except what he gives willingly; and do not wrong (one another), and do not turn back after me into disbelief, killing one another."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَارَةَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَثْرِبِيٍّ الضَّمْرِيِّ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ خُطْبَةَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِنًى، فَكَانَ فِيمَا خَطَبَ بِهِ قَالَ: " وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ "، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهُ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ لَقِيتُ غَنَمَ ابْنِ عَمِّي فَأَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ شَاةً فَاجْتَزَرْتُهَا فَعَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: " إِنْ لَقِيتَهَا نَعْجَةً تَحْمِلُ شَفْرَةً وَزِنَادًا بِخَبْتِ الْجَمِيشِ فَلَا تَمَسَّهَا " قِيلَ: هِيَ أَرْضٌ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْجَارِ، أَرْضٌ لَيْسَ بِهَا أَنِيسٌ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin Yathribi al-Damri (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I was present at the sermon of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at Mina. In the sermon he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The wealth of his brother is not lawful for anyone except what he gives willingly." When he (the narrator) heard this, he said: O Messenger of Allah, what is your view if I come across my cousin's sheep, take one sheep and slaughter it; is there anything upon me for that? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you find a ewe, say in Khabt al-Jamish, in a desolate land, and you are carrying a knife or some tool, even then do not touch it." It was said that it is a desolate place between Makkah and al-Jar where no one lives.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَامِدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْعَطَّارُ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي خُطْبَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَطَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ فِي حَجَّتِهِ، وَقَالَ فِيهَا: " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَدِيعَةٌ فَلْيَرُدَّهَا إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهَا، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated the hadith of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) Hajj sermon during the days of Tashriq, that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O people, whoever has something (in trust) with him, let him return it to the one whose trust it is. O people, nothing of his brother's wealth is lawful for anyone except what he gives willingly."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّسَوِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ شَاكِرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ غُلَامٌ يُخْرِجُ لَهُ الْخَرَاجَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ، فَجَاءَ يَوْمًا بِشَيْءٍ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْغُلَامُ: أَتَدْرِي مَا هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: كُنْتُ تَكَهَّنْتُ لِإِنْسَانٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَمَا أُحْسِنُ الْكِهَانَةَ، إِلَّا أَنِّي خَدَعْتُهُ، فَلَقِيَنِي فَأَعْطَانِي بِذَلِكَ، فَهَذَا الَّذِي أَكَلْتَ مِنْهُ، فَأَدْخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَدَهُ فَقَاءَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فِي بَطْنِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ، وَإِنَّمَا الِاخْتِلَافُ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ هَكَذَا.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had a slave who used to bring him (his earnings), and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to eat from what he brought. One day he brought something, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) ate from it. The slave said to him: Do you know what this was? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: What was it? He said: In the time of Ignorance I had practised soothsaying for a person, though I was not skilled at soothsaying; I only deceived him. That man met me and gave me this, which you have eaten from. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) put his hand (into his mouth) and vomited up everything that was in his stomach.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ، قَالَا: ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ الْجَرْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ قَالَ: صَنَعَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ طَعَامًا فَدَعَتْهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ بِي أَبِي مَعَهُ، قَالَ: فَجَلَسْنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ آبَائِنَا مَجَالِسَ الْأَبْنَاءِ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ، قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَأْكُلُوا حَتَّى رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكَلَ، فَلَمَّا أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لُقْمَةً رَمَى بِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنِّي لَأَجِدُ طَعْمَ لَحْمِ شَاةٍ ذُبِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ صَاحِبِهَا "، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَخِي وَأَنَا مِنْ أَعَزِّ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا لَمْ يُغَيِّرْ عَلَيَّ، وَعَلَيَّ أَنْ أُرْضِيَهُ بِأَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا، وَأَمَرَ بِالطَّعَامِ لِلْأُسَارَى قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْشَى عَلَيْهِ الْفَسَادَ، وَصَاحِبُهَا كَانَ غَائِبًا، فَرَأَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ أَنْ يُطْعِمَهَا الْأُسَارَى، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، ثُمَّ يَضْمَنُ لِصَاحِبِهَا.
Asim bin Kulayb (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, from a man of Muzaynah, that he said: A Muslim woman of Quraysh prepared food for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and invited him (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). (The narrator) says: My father took me along with him. We sat in the places where sons sit (before their fathers). They did not eat until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ate. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took a morsel, he threw it away and then said: "I find the taste of the meat of a sheep that was slaughtered without its owner's permission." The woman said: O Messenger of Allah, (it belongs to) my brother, and I am among the dearest of people to him; had it been something better than this, he would not have begrudged it to me, and it is upon me to satisfy him with something better than it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) refused to eat it and ordered that the food be given to the captives.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This was because he feared it would spoil, and its owner was absent, so in consideration of the best interest he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the captives be fed with it; then its owner would be compensated.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This was because he feared it would spoil, and its owner was absent, so in consideration of the best interest he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the captives be fed with it; then its owner would be compensated.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَعِيسَى بْنُ مِينَاءٍ، قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ " أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا ⦗١٦٢⦘ يَجْعَلُونَ فِي كُلِّ بَهِيمَةٍ أُصِيبَتْ مَا بَيْنَ قِيمَةِ الْبَهِيمَةِ صَحِيحَةِ الْعَيْنِ وَمُصَابَةِ الْعَيْنِ، وَكُلُّ مَا أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْبَهِيمَةِ فَعَلَى قَدْرِ ذَلِكَ " قَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ مِينَاءٍ: فَأَمَّا جِرَاحُ الْعَبْدِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ يَجْعَلُونَ جِرَاحَ الْعَبْدِ تَجْرِي جِرَاحُهُ كُلُّهَا فِي قِيمَتِهِ يَوْمَ يُصَابُ كَمَا تَجْرِي جِرَاحُ الْحُرِّ فِي دِيَتِهِ.
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah have mercy on him), and he from the jurists of the people of Madinah (may Allah have mercy on them), that for every animal that was injured they would assess the difference in value between (the animal) sound and injured. Every injured animal they would assess in this way. Isa bin Mina (may Allah have mercy on him) says: As for an injured slave, they would reckon (his wound) against his value on the day he was injured, just as the wound of a free man is reckoned against the blood money.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خَمِيرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " فِي عَيْنِ الدَّابَّةِ رُبُعُ ثَمَنِهَا " وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرُوِي عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرَوَاهُ جَابِرٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ، ورَوَاهُ مُجَالِدٌ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ.
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The penalty for (destroying) an animal's eye is a quarter of its price.
This (chain) is munqati' (broken). It is also narrated from Ibrahim al-Nakha'i from Umar that he wrote this to Shurayh, and that too is munqati'. Jabir al-Ju'fi, who is da'if (weak), narrated it from al-Sha'bi from Shurayh, that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote this to him; and Mujalid narrated it from al-Sha'bi, saying: Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Shurayh; and that is munqati'.
This (chain) is munqati' (broken). It is also narrated from Ibrahim al-Nakha'i from Umar that he wrote this to Shurayh, and that too is munqati'. Jabir al-Ju'fi, who is da'if (weak), narrated it from al-Sha'bi from Shurayh, that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote this to him; and Mujalid narrated it from al-Sha'bi, saying: Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Shurayh; and that is munqati'.
