السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الغصب
Book of Usurpation
باب: رد قيمته إن كان من ذوات القيم، أو رد مثله إن كان من ذوات الأمثال، إذا أتلفه الغاصب أو تلف في يديه
Returning its value if it is a valued item, or its like if it is a fungible item, when the usurper destroys it or it perishes in his hands
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اسْتِدْلَالًا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ، فَكَانَ لَهُ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ، قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ الْعَدْلِ فَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ، وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ " اتَّفَقَا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِهِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever frees his share in a jointly owned slave, and he has wealth enough to reach the slave's price, a fair value will be assessed against him; he will give his partners their shares, and the slave will be freed at his expense. Otherwise, as much of him is freed as has been freed."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا حُمَيْدٌ، ح قَالَ وَثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا يَحْيَى، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِحْدَى أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَعَ خَادِمٍ بِقَصْعَةٍ فِيهَا طَعَامٌ، فَضَرَبَتْ بِيَدِه فَكَسَرَتِ الْقَصْعَةَ، فَضَمَّهَا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا الطَّعَامَ وَقَالَ: " كُلُوا "، وَحَبَسَ الرَّسُولَ وَالْقَصْعَةَ حَتَّى فَرَغُوا، فَدَفَعَ الْقَصْعَةَ الصَّحِيحَةَ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ وَحَبَسَ الْمَكْسُورَةَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was with one of his wives. Another wife sent a bowl of food with a servant. The wife (with whom he (peace and blessings be upon him) was) struck (the servant's) hand and the bowl broke. He (peace and blessings be upon him) put it back together, placed the food in it and said: "Eat." He kept back the servant and the bowl as well. When they had finished eating, he sent the servant back with a sound bowl and kept the broken one.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، ثنا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِحْدَى أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِصَحْفَةٍ فِيهَا طَعَامٌ، فَضَرَبَتِ الَّتِي فِي بَيْتِهَا يَدَ الْخَادِمِ فَسَقَطَتِ الصَّحْفَةُ فَانْفَلَقَتْ، فَجَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ الْفِلْقَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَجْعَلُ فِيهِمَا الطَّعَامَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي الصَّحْفَةِ وَيَقُولُ: " غَارَتْ أُمُّكُمْ "، وَحَبَسَ الْخَادِمَ حَتَّى أَتَى بِصَحْفَةٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ الَّتِي هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهَا، فَدَفَعَ الصَّحْفَةَ الصَّحِيحَةَ إِلَى الَّتِي كُسِرَتْ صَحْفَتُهَا، وَأَمْسَكَ الْمَكْسُورَةَ فِي بَيْتِ الَّتِي كَسَرَتْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: الصَّحْفَتَانِ جَمِيعًا كَانَتَا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَيْتَيْ زَوْجَتَيْهِ، ولَمْ يَكُنْ هُنَا تَضْمِينٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ عَاقَبَ الْكَاسِرَةَ بِتَرْكِ الْمَكْسُورَةِ فِي بَيْتِهَا، وَنَقْلِ الصَّحِيحَةِ إِلَى بَيْتِ صَاحِبَتِهَا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was with one of his wives. Another wife sent a bowl of food with a servant. That wife struck the servant's hand, so the bowl fell and broke. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gathered the two pieces, then put the food in them and said: "Your mother has become jealous." He kept back the servant until the bowl from the house of that wife (with whom he was) was brought; he sent this sound bowl to her house, and kept the broken one in the house of the one who had broken it.
Some of the people of knowledge say: The two bowls both belonged to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and were in the houses of two of his wives, so there is no question of compensation here; he left the broken one in the house of the one who broke it, and placed the sound one in the house of the one whose bowl had been broken.
Some of the people of knowledge say: The two bowls both belonged to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and were in the houses of two of his wives, so there is no question of compensation here; he left the broken one in the house of the one who broke it, and placed the sound one in the house of the one whose bowl had been broken.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي فُلَيْتٌ، عَنْ جَسْرَةَ بِنْتِ دَجَاجَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ ⦗١٦٠⦘ صَانِعَةَ طَعَامٍ مِثْلَ صَفِيَّةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، بَعَثَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِإِنَاءٍ فِيهِ طَعَامٌ، فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِيَدِي فَكَسَرْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، مَا كَفَّارَةُ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: " إِنَاءٌ مَكَانُ إِنَاءٍ، وَطَعَامٌ مَكَانُ طَعَامٍ " فُلَيْتٌ الْعَامِرِيُّ وَجَسْرَةُ بِنْتُ دَجَاجَةَ فِيهِمَا نَظَرٌ ثُمَّ تَأْوِيلُ الْخَبَرِ مَا مَضَى، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ تُسْتَهْلَكُ لَهُ الْحِنْطَةُ: إِنَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ لَهُ طَعَامًا مِثْلَ طَعَامِهِ، وَكَيْلًا مِثْلَ كَيْلِهِ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: I have not seen anyone who prepares food like Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her). She prepared food in a vessel and sent it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). I struck it with my hand and broke it. Then I asked: O Messenger of Allah, what is the expiation for this? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A vessel in place of a vessel, and food in place of food."
Fulayt al-Amiri and Jasrah bint Dajajah are both questionable (fihima nazar).
Fulayt al-Amiri and Jasrah bint Dajajah are both questionable (fihima nazar).
