السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الإقرار
Book of Acknowledgement
باب: إقرار الوارث بوارث
An heir acknowledging another heir
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْقُرْقُوبِيُّ بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، أنبأ شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَهِدَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنَ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ، قَالَ عُتْبَةُ: إِنَّهُ ابْنِي، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَمَنَ الْفَتْحِ أَخَذَ سَعْدٌ ابْنَ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَذَا ابْنُ أَخِي عَهِدَ إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ، قَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَذَا أَخِي ابْنُ زَمْعَةَ، وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ، فَنَظَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى ابْنِ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ أَشْبَهُ النَّاسِ ⦗١٤٢⦘ بِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ "، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِيهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " احْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ بِنْتَ زَمْعَةَ " لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ شَبَهِهِ بِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَسَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ.
The Mother of the Believers Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Utbah bin Abi Waqqas instructed his brother Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) to take the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl. Utbah said that he was his son. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came at the time of the Conquest of Makkah, Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) took the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl and brought him to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Abd bin Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) came as well. Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah! He is my brother's son; he instructed me that this is his son." Abd bin Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! This is my brother, the son of Zam'ah, and he was born on his bed." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl, and he resembled Utbah bin Abi Waqqas. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He stays with you, O Abd bin Zam'ah, because he was born on his father's bed." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Sawdah bint Zam'ah! Observe hijab from him." (This was said) because of his resemblance to Utbah bin Abi Waqqas. And Sawdah bint Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with her) was the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ تَقُولُ: اخْتَصَمَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ أَخِي عُتْبَةَ أَوْصَانِي فَقَالَ: إِذَا قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ فَانْظُرِ ابْنَ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَاقْبِضْهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنِي، وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَخِي وَابْنُ أَمَةِ أَبِي، وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِي، فَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ فَقَالَ: " هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ، الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ " لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَمُسَدَّدُ بْنُ مُسَرْهَدٍ، قَالَا: ثنا سُفْيَانُ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ، زَادَ مُسَدَّدُ بْنُ مُسَرْهَدٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ فَقَالَ: " هُوَ أَخُوكَ يَا عَبْدُ ". وَهَذِهِ زِيَادَةٌ مَحْفُوظَةٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهَا أَيْضًا يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَيْلِيُّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
It is narrated from Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) that he heard Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) say: Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas and Abd bin Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with them both) brought their dispute to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! My brother Utbah gave me an instruction; he said: When you come to Makkah, find the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl and take him, for he is my son. Abd bin Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! This is my brother and the son of my father's slave-girl; he was born on my father's bed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw that he resembled Utbah, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He stays with Abd bin Zam'ah. The child belongs to the bed. And O Sawdah (may Allah be pleased with her), observe hijab from him."
(b) In one narration the words are: "O Abd! He is your brother."
This addition is mahfuz (preserved).
(b) In one narration the words are: "O Abd! He is your brother."
This addition is mahfuz (preserved).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: عَهِدَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ إِلَى أَخِيهِ سَعْدٍ أَنْ يَقْبِضَ ابْنَ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ، وَقَالَ عُتْبَةُ: إِنَّهُ ابْنِي، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَّةَ زَمَنَ الْفَتْحِ أَخَذَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ابْنَ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ، فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: هَذَا ابْنُ أَخِي، عَهِدَ إِلِيَّ أَبُوهُ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، هَذَا أَخِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ، فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى ابْنِ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَإِذَا أَشْبَهُ النَّاسِ بِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي ⦗١٤٣⦘ وَقَّاصٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هُوَ لَكَ هُوَ أَخُوكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ "؛ مِنْ أَجَلِ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " احْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ "؛ لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ شَبَهِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ قَالَ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Utbah bin Abi Waqqas instructed his brother to take the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl, and Utbah also said: He is my son. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Makkah at the time of the Conquest, Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) took the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl and brought him to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Abd bin Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) came too. Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is my brother's son; his father gave me instructions about him. Abd bin Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! This is my brother, and he was born on my father's bed. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl, and he resembled Utbah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Abd! He is your brother and he stays with you, because he was born on his bed." Then he said: "O Sawdah! Observe hijab from him," because he resembled Utbah.
وَأَمَّا الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ كَانَتْ لِزَمْعَةَ جَارِيَةٌ يَتَّطِئُهَا، وَكَانَ رَجُلٌ يَتْبَعُهَا يَظُنُّ بِهَا، فَمَاتَ زَمْعَةُ وَالْجَارِيَةُ حُبْلَى، فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا يُشْبِهُ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي كَانَ يُظَنُّ بِهَا، فَسَأَلَتْ سَوْدَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: " أَمَّا الْمِيرَاثُ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَأَمَّا أَنْتِ فَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَكِ بِأَخٍ " فَإِسْنَادُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لَا يُقَاوِمُ إِسْنَادَ الْحَدِيث الْأَوَّلِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ رُوَاتُهُ مَشْهُورُونَ بِالْحِفْظِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ، وَعَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا تُخْبِرُ عَنْ تِلْكَ الْقِصَّةِ كَأَنَّهَا شَهِدَتْهَا، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ فِي رُوَاتِهِ مَنْ نُسِبَ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ إِلَى سُوءِ الْحِفْظِ، وَهُوَ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ لَا يُعْرَفُ بِسَبَبٍ يَثْبُتُ بِهِ حَدِيثُهُ، وَهُوَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَوِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، مَوْلًى لِآلِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْقِصَّةَ لِصِغَرِهِ، فَرِوَايَةُ مَنْ شَهِدَهَا، وَجَمِيعِ مَنْ فِي إِسْنَادِ حَدِيثِهَا حُفَّاظٌ ثِقَاتٌ مَشْهُورُونَ بِالْفِقْهِ وَالْعَدَالَةِ، أَوْلَى بِالَأخْذِ بِهَا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. ⦗١٤٤⦘ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ، إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ: " فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَكِ بِأَخٍ شَبَهًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَكِ بِحُكْمِ الْفِرَاشِ أَخًا "، فَلَا يَكُونُ قَوْلُهُ: " هُوَ أَخُوكَ يَا عَبْدُ " مُخَالِفًا؛ فَقَدْ أَلْحَقَهُ بِالْفِرَاشِ حَتَّى حَكَمَ لَهُ بِالْمِيرَاثِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
It is narrated from Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) that Zam'ah had a slave-girl with whom he used to have intercourse, and a man used to follow her and was suspected with her. Zam'ah died while the slave-girl was pregnant, and she gave birth to a boy who resembled the man who had been suspected with her. Sawdah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for the inheritance, it is his (the boy's); as for you, observe hijab from him, for he is not your brother."
The chain of this hadith does not stand up to the chain of the first hadith, because the narrators of the first hadith are well known for memory, understanding and trustworthiness, and Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) relates that story as though she witnessed it, whereas among the narrators of the other hadith is one who was described as having poor memory at the end of his life, namely Jarir bin Abd al-Hamid, and among them is one who is not known for anything by which his hadith could be established, namely Yusuf bin al-Zubayr. Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) seemingly did not witness the incident because of his young age. So the narration of the one who witnessed it, all of whose chain are trustworthy hafiz narrators well known for understanding and uprightness, is more worthy of being adopted, and Allah knows best.
If he (peace and blessings be upon him) did say it, his words may mean: he is not your brother in resemblance, even though by the ruling of the bed he is your brother. So it does not contradict his saying: "O Abd! He is your brother." For he attached him to the bed, to the point of ruling inheritance for him.
The chain of this hadith does not stand up to the chain of the first hadith, because the narrators of the first hadith are well known for memory, understanding and trustworthiness, and Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) relates that story as though she witnessed it, whereas among the narrators of the other hadith is one who was described as having poor memory at the end of his life, namely Jarir bin Abd al-Hamid, and among them is one who is not known for anything by which his hadith could be established, namely Yusuf bin al-Zubayr. Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) seemingly did not witness the incident because of his young age. So the narration of the one who witnessed it, all of whose chain are trustworthy hafiz narrators well known for understanding and uprightness, is more worthy of being adopted, and Allah knows best.
If he (peace and blessings be upon him) did say it, his words may mean: he is not your brother in resemblance, even though by the ruling of the bed he is your brother. So it does not contradict his saying: "O Abd! He is your brother." For he attached him to the bed, to the point of ruling inheritance for him.
