السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحوالة
Book of the Transfer of Debts
باب: وجوب الحق بالضمان
A right becomes binding by guarantee
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قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {قَالُوا نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ وَلِمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ} [يوسف: 72]، وَقَالَ {سَلْهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ بِذَلِكَ زَعِيمٌ} [القلم: 40].
Allah Almighty says: "They said: We are missing the measuring bowl of the king, and for whoever brings it there is a camel's load (of grain as a reward), and I am its guarantor." [Surah Yusuf: 72]
And He said: "Ask them which of them is a guarantor for that (claim)." [Surah al-Qalam: 40]
And He said: "Ask them which of them is a guarantor for that (claim)." [Surah al-Qalam: 40]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " الزَّعِيمُ غَارِمٌ " قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: وَالزَّعِيمُ فِي اللُّغَةِ هُوَ الْكَفِيلُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who gives a guarantee is liable for its payment." Imam al-Muzani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Al-za'im" in the language means "al-kafil" (the surety).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " أَنَا زَعِيمٌ، وَالزَّعِيمُ: الْحَمِيلُ، لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَأَسْلَمَ وَهَاجَرَ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ ".
Sayyiduna Fadalah bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "I give a guarantee, and the guarantor is the one who takes responsibility, for the one who believes in me, accepts Islam and emigrates: for him are the glad tidings of the outer part of Paradise."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْجَنْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " أَنَا زَعِيمٌ، وَالزَّعِيمُ: الْحَمِيلُ، لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَأَسْلَمَ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَبَيْتٍ فِي وَسَطِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَأَنَا زَعِيمٌ لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَأَسْلَمَ وَهَاجَرَ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ وَبِبَيْتٍ فِي وَسَطِ الْجَنَّةِ وَبِبَيْتٍ فِي أَعْلَى غُرَفِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يَدَعْ لِلْخَيْرِ مَطْلَبًا، وَلَا مِنَ الشَّرِّ مَهْرَبًا، يَمُوتُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ أَنْ يَمُوتَ " وَذَكَرَ الْمُزَنِيُّ هَا هُنَا حَدِيثَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي الضَّمَانِ، وَإِسْنَادُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ضَعِيفٌ، فَالْأَوْلَى بِنَا أَنْ نُقَدِّمَ مَا.
Sayyiduna Fadalah bin Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "I am a guarantor, and the guarantor is the one who takes responsibility, for the one who believes in me, accepts Islam and strives in the path of Allah: for him are the glad tidings of a house in the outer part of Paradise and a house in the middle of Paradise. And I am a guarantor for the one who believes in me, accepts Islam and emigrates: for him are the glad tidings of a house in the outer part of Paradise, a house in the middle of Paradise and a house in the highest chambers of Paradise. Whoever does that has left no pursuit of good unsought and no escape from evil untaken; he may die wherever he wishes to die."
Al-Muzani mentioned here the hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri concerning guarantee, and the chain of Abu Sa'id's hadith is weak.
Al-Muzani mentioned here the hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri concerning guarantee, and the chain of Abu Sa'id's hadith is weak.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّقَاشِيُّ، ثنا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟ " فَقَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ. وَأُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ. وَأُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ". قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: هُوَ عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) that the funeral of a man from the Ansar was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that he would lead the funeral prayer over him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "He is not in debt, is he?" They said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything behind?" They said: Yes. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the funeral prayer over him. Then another funeral was brought. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he in debt?" They said: Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything behind?" They said: Yes. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the funeral prayer over him. Then another funeral was brought. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he in debt?" They answered yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything behind?" They said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Offer the funeral prayer over your brother." Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, his debt is upon me. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the funeral prayer over him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَاجِيَةَ، ثنا أَبُو مُوسَى، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: ثنا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ، فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، صَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ مِنْ دَيْنٍ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " فَهَلْ تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا. ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ أُخْرَى، فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، صَلِّ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ دَيْنٍ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ " قَالُوا: ثَلَاثَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، قَالَ: " ثَلَاثَ كَيَّاتٍ ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِالثَّالِثِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، صَلِّ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنٍ؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " فَهَلْ تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " فَصَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ "، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: صَلِّ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَيَّ دَيْنُهُ. قَالَ: فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ هَكَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْجِنَازَةِ الْأُخْرَى قَالُوا: ثَلَاثَةَ دَنَانِيرَ. فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I was with him (peace and blessings be upon him). A funeral was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Companions said: O Messenger of Allah, lead the funeral prayer over him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "He is not in debt, is he?" They said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything behind?" They said: No. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the funeral prayer over him. Then another funeral was brought. The Companions said: O Prophet of Allah, lead the funeral prayer over him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he in debt?" They said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything behind?" They said: Three dinars. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(These are) three brandings (with fire)." Then the funeral of a third man was brought. They said: O Messenger of Allah, lead the funeral prayer over him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he in debt?" They said: Yes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything behind?" They said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Offer the funeral prayer over your brother." A man from the Ansar who was called Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Lead the prayer over him, and his debt is upon me. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the funeral prayer over him.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَى أَحَدٍ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَأُتِيَ بِمَيِّتٍ فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، دِينَارَانِ، قَالَ: " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ". قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: هُمَا عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا فَعَلَيَّ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ ".
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would not lead the funeral prayer over a man who was in debt. A deceased person was brought, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is he in debt?" They said: Yes, two dinars. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Offer the funeral prayer over your brother." Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I take responsibility for them. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer over him. Later, when Allah Almighty granted conquests, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am closer to every believer than his own self. Whoever dies in debt, his debt is upon me, and whoever leaves wealth, it is for his heirs."
وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَرْبِيُّ، ثنا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْوَصَّافِيُّ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِنَازَةٍ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا، فَتَقَدَّمَ لِيُصَلِّيَ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ: " هَلْ عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ دَيْنٌ؟ " قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ لَهُ مِنْ وَفَاءٍ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ". قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: عَلَيَّ دَيْنُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَتَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: " جَزَاكَ اللهُ يَا عَلِيُّ خَيْرًا كَمَا فَكَكْتَ رِهَانَ أَخِيكَ، مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ فَكَّ رِهَانَ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ دُكَيْنٍ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَفِيهِ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، بَرِئَ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ وَأَنَا ضَامِنٌ لِمَا عَلَيْهِ وَرَوَاهُ زَافِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْوَصَّافِيِّ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، أَنَا ضَامِنٌ لِدَيْنِهِ وَالْحَدِيثُ يَدُورُ عَلَى عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْوَصَّافِيِّ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that a funeral was brought to him (peace and blessings be upon him) so that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would lead the funeral prayer. He (peace and blessings be upon him) looked towards us and said: "He is not in debt, is he?" They said: He is. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Has he left anything to pay it off?" They said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Offer the funeral prayer over him yourselves." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I take responsibility for his debt. He (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped forward, led the funeral prayer and said: "O Ali, may Allah reward you well, just as you have lightened the burden of debt from your brother. Any Muslim who lightens the burden from his brother, Allah Almighty will lighten his burden on the Day of Resurrection."
This hadith revolves around Ubaydullah al-Wassafi, and he is very da'if (weak). It has also been narrated through another route from Ali bin Abi Talib with a weak chain.
This hadith revolves around Ubaydullah al-Wassafi, and he is very da'if (weak). It has also been narrated through another route from Ali bin Abi Talib with a weak chain.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُحَمَّدْآبَاذِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ الْحِمْصِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ لَمْ يَسْأَلْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَمَلِ الرَّجُلِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنْ دَيْنِهِ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ كَفَّ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ قِيلَ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، فَأُتِيَ بِجِنَازَةٍ، فَلَمَّا قَامَ سَأَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ: " هَلْ عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ مِنْ دَيْنٍ؟ " قَالُوا: عَلَيْهِ دِينَارَانِ دَيْنٌ، فَعَدَلَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ "، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، هُمَا عَلَيَّ، بَرِئَ مِنْهُمَا، فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " يَا عَلِيُّ، جَزَاكَ اللهُ خَيْرًا، فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَكَ كَمَا فَكَكْتَ رِهَانَ أَخِيكَ، إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ مَيِّتٍ يَمُوتُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ إِلَّا وَهُوَ مُرْتَهَنٌ بِدَيْنِهِ، فَمَنْ فَكَّ رِهَانَ مَيِّتٍ فَكَّ اللهُ رِهَانَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ "، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هَذَا لِعَلِيٍّ خَاصَّةً أَمْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً؟ فَقَالَ: " لَا، بَلْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً " عَطَاءُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَالرِّوَايَاتُ فِي تَحَمُّلِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ دَيْنَ الْمَيِّتِ أَصَحُّ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) that whenever a funeral was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) would ask only this about him: "He was not in debt, was he?" If it was said: Yes, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would refrain from leading the funeral prayer, and if it was said: No, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would lead the funeral prayer. Then a funeral was brought. He (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and asked his companions: "Was this brother of yours in any debt?" They said: He owes two dinars of debt. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped back and said: "Offer the funeral prayer over him yourselves." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), both of them are upon me, and the deceased is free of them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped forward, led the funeral prayer and said: "O Ali, may Allah reward you well. May Allah Almighty lighten your burden just as you have lightened your brother's burden of debt. Whoever dies while in debt is held in pledge for that debt. So whoever pays off the debt of a deceased person, Allah Almighty will lift his burden on the Day of Resurrection." Some of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said: Is this particular to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), or general for the Muslims? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, rather it is general for all the Muslims."
Ata' bin Ajlan is da'if (weak), and the narrations about Abu Qatadah taking on the debt of the deceased are more authentic.
Ata' bin Ajlan is da'if (weak), and the narrations about Abu Qatadah taking on the debt of the deceased are more authentic.
وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ الْحَمَالَةِ الَّتِي احْتَجَّ بِهَا الْمُزَنِيُّ فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْبُحْتُرِيِّ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ رِئَابٍ، عَنْ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسْأَلُهُ فِي حَمَالَةٍ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ حُرِّمَتْ إِلَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ: رَجُلٍ تَحَمَّلَ بِحَمَالَةٍ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَاجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ لِيُمْسِكْ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ حَاجَةٌ أَوْ فَاقَةٌ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الْحِلْمِ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ، وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَهُوَ سُحْتٌ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ رِئَابٍ.
Sayyiduna Qabisah bin Mukhariq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask (for help) regarding a debt I had taken on (to settle a dispute). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Asking is forbidden except in three cases: a man who has taken on such a debt; asking is permissible for him until he pays it off, and then he should refrain (from asking). Second, a man struck by a sudden calamity that destroys his wealth; asking is permissible for him until his livelihood becomes stable, or he said: until his livelihood becomes adequate, and then he should refrain from asking. And third, a man who falls into need or reaches the point of starvation, and three men of his people testify about him; asking is permissible for him. Asking other than this is unlawful and forbidden."
