السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحج
Book of Hajj
باب: من عدل صيام يوم بمدين من طعام
Those who equated a day's fasting with two mudds of food
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الضَّبِّيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ} [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: " إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُحْرِمُ الصَّيْدَ يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ جَزَاؤُهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ جَزَاؤُهُ ذَبَحَهُ وَتَصَدَّقَ بِلَحْمِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ جَزَاؤُهُ قُوِّمَ جَزَاؤُهُ دَرَاهِمَ، ثُمَّ قُوِّمَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ طَعَامًا، فَصَامَ مَكَانَ كُلِّ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ يَوْمًا، وَإِنَّمَا أُرِيدَ بِالطَّعَامِ الصِّيَامُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا وَجَدَ الطَّعَامَ وَجَدَ جَزَاءَهُ ".
Miqsam narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Then the compensation is the like of what he killed, from livestock" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 95]:
When a muhrim kills game, judgement is passed against him for its like. If he has its compensation and like, he should slaughter it and give its meat in charity. If he does not have its compensation and like, its value is to be fixed in dirhams; then the value is to be assessed in food; then he fasts one day for each half sa'. What was intended by the food was the fasting: when he has found the food, he has found its compensation.
When a muhrim kills game, judgement is passed against him for its like. If he has its compensation and like, he should slaughter it and give its meat in charity. If he does not have its compensation and like, its value is to be fixed in dirhams; then the value is to be assessed in food; then he fasts one day for each half sa'. What was intended by the food was the fasting: when he has found the food, he has found its compensation.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّرِيفُ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أنبأ شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مِقْسَمًا فِي الَّذِي يُصِيبُ الصَّيْدَ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ جَزَاؤُهُ، قَالَ: " يُقَوَّمُ الصَّيْدُ دَرَاهِمَ وَتُقَوَّمُ الدَّرَاهِمُ طَعَامًا فَيَصُومُ لِكُلِّ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ يَوْمًا " قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: وَقَالَ لِي أَبَانُ، وَأَبُو مَرْيَمَ: إِنَّهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، يَعْنِي أَبَانَ بْنَ تَغْلِبَ، كَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ شُعْبَةَ يُقَوَّمُ الصَّيْدُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَنْصُورٍ يُقَوَّمُ الْجَزَاءُ، وَمَنْصُورٌ أَحْسَنُهُمَا سِيَاقَةً لِلْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ عَدَلَ فِي الْجَزَاءِ إِذَا كَانَتْ شَاةً صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ بِإِطْعَامِ مِسْكِينَيْنِ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ بَدَنَةً أَوْ بَقَرَةً صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ بِإِطْعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَقَالَ: مُدٌّ مُدٌّ.
Al-Hakam (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard Miqsam (may Allah have mercy on him) (say), concerning a person who kills game but does not find its compensation: The value of the game is to be fixed in dirhams, and food is to be bought with the dirhams, that is, its value is to be fixed, and he fasts (one day) for each half sa'.
(b) In the narration of Shu'bah (may Allah have mercy on him): the value of the game is to be assessed.
(c) In the narration of Mansur (may Allah have mercy on him): the value of its compensation or «mithl» (like) is to be assessed.
(d) It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the equivalent of the «mithl» or compensation is: when it is a goat, one day's fast in place of feeding two needy people; but when it is a camel or a cow, one day's fast in place of feeding one needy person. He said: It is a «mudd», a «mudd».
(b) In the narration of Shu'bah (may Allah have mercy on him): the value of the game is to be assessed.
(c) In the narration of Mansur (may Allah have mercy on him): the value of its compensation or «mithl» (like) is to be assessed.
(d) It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the equivalent of the «mithl» or compensation is: when it is a goat, one day's fast in place of feeding two needy people; but when it is a camel or a cow, one day's fast in place of feeding one needy person. He said: It is a «mudd», a «mudd».
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي ⦗٣٠٥⦘ طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: " إِذَا قَتَلَ الْمُحْرِمُ شَيْئًا مِنَ الصَّيْدِ حُكِمَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ، فَإِنْ قَتَلَ ظَبْيًا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ تُذْبَحُ بِمَكَّةَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ أَيْلًا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ بَقَرَةٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَطْعَمَ عِشْرِينَ مِسْكِينًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ صَامَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا، وَإِنْ قَتَلَ نَعَامَةً أَوْ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ أَطْعَمَ ثَلَاثِينَ مِسْكِينًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ صَامَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا، وَالطَّعَامُ مُدٌّ مُدٌّ شِبَعَهُمْ " وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ وَمَا قَبْلَهَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى التَّرْتِيبِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Ali bin Abi Talhah narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): When a muhrim kills any game, judgement is passed for its like. If he has killed a gazelle or the like of it, the muhrim owes a goat, which he will slaughter in Makkah. If the muhrim does not find a goat, then he must feed six needy people; and if food is not available either, then he must fast three days. If he kills a stag or the like of it, then the muhrim owes a cow; if a cow is not available, then the food of twenty needy people; and if food is not obtainable, then twenty days of fasting. If he kills an ostrich, a wild ass or something like it, then the muhrim owes the sacrifice of a camel; if he does not find it, then the food of thirty needy people; and if there is no food, then fasting thirty days. The food is one mudd each, enough to satisfy them and fill their stomachs. This narration and the ones before it require (that these be done) in order.
