السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: من قال إذا فرط في القضاء بعد الإمكان حتى مات أطعم عنه مكان كل يوم مسكين مدا من طعام
Those who said if he neglected the make-up after being able until he died, a poor person is fed a mudd of food on his behalf for each day
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنبأ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أنبأ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، وَنَافِعٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ نَذْرٌ، يَقُولُ: " لَا يَصُومُ أَحَدٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ، وَلَكِنْ تَصَدَّقُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ لِلصَّوْمِ، لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا ".
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says that when Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about a man who died while owing fasts of Ramadan or a vow and the like, he would say: "No one fasts on behalf of anyone else, but give charity on his behalf from his wealth for the fasting: one poor person for each day."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنِي جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: " مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ أَيَّامًا وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَهُ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامِ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانُ عَامَ قَابِلٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَأَطَاقَ صَوْمَ الَّذِي أَدْرَكَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ عَمَّا مَضَى كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، وَلْيَصُمِ الَّذِي اسْتَقْبَلَ " هَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنْ نَافِعٍ فَأَخْطَأَ فِيهِ.
Nafi' narrates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to say: Whoever did not fast some days of Ramadan because of illness and then died before making them up, then on his behalf one mudd of food should be given to a poor person in place of each day, for all those days. If the next Ramadan reaches him before he has fasted them, and he is able to fast the one that has come, then for the days that have passed he should give a poor person one mudd of wheat (for each day), and fast the Ramadan that is upon him.
This is the correct version, mawquf (a saying of Ibn Umar); Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla narrated it from Nafi' and erred in it.
This is the correct version, mawquf (a saying of Ibn Umar); Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla narrated it from Nafi' and erred in it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الَّذِي يَمُوتُ وَعَلَيْهِ رَمَضَانُ وَلَمْ يَقْضِهِ، قَالَ: " يُطْعَمُ عَنْهُ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ " هَذَا خَطَأٌ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا رَفْعُهُ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَالْآخَرُ قَوْلُهُ: نِصْفُ صَاعٍ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ، وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى لَيْسَ فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الصَّاعِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), concerning a person who dies owing fasts of Ramadan that he was unable to make up: "Half a sa' of food should be given to a poor person on his behalf for each day."
This is wrong in two respects: first, that it was narrated as a saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (marfu'), whereas it is the saying of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both); second, that it is half a sa', whereas Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: one mudd of wheat. Another narration is from Ibn Abi Layla in which there is no mention of the sa'.
This is wrong in two respects: first, that it was narrated as a saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (marfu'), whereas it is the saying of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both); second, that it is half a sa', whereas Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: one mudd of wheat. Another narration is from Ibn Abi Layla in which there is no mention of the sa'.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَامِلٍ الْقَرْقَسَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ، ثنا عَبْثَرُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ، قَالَ: " يُطْعَمُ عَنْهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينٌ ".
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about a person who died while owing a month of fasts, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A poor person should be fed on his behalf for each day."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَعَلَيْهِ نَذْرُ صِيَامِ شَهْرٍ آخَرَ، قَالَ: " يُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " كَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ ثَوْبَانَ عَنْهُ فِي الصِّيَامَيْنِ جَمِيعًا.
Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Thawban (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about a person who died owing the fasts of the month of Ramadan and owing the fasts of another month by vow. He said: Sixty poor people should be fed.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أنبأ سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ، أَوْ رَجُلٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ رَمَضَانُ، وَنَذْرُ شَهْرٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " يُطْعَمُ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينٌ، أَوْ يَصُومُ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ لِنَذْرِهِ " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.
Maymun bin Mihran says that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about a woman or a man who died owing Ramadan and a vow of a month's fasting. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A poor person is to be fed on his behalf for each day, or his guardian should fast on his behalf for his vow.
