السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: من صلى وفي ثوبه أو نعله أذى أو خبث لم يعلم به، ثم علم به
One who prayed with filth or impurity on his garment or sandal that he did not know about, then learned of it
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أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا أَبُو نَعَامَةَ السَّعْدِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى فِي نَعْلَيْهِ فَصَلَّى النَّاسُ فِي نِعَالِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَلْقَى نَعْلَيْهِ فَأَلْقَى النَّاسُ نِعَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: " مَا حَمَلَكُمْ عَلَى إِلْقَاءِ نِعَالِكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، رَأَيْنَاكَ فَعَلْتَ فَفَعَلْنَا فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ جَبْرَائِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ فِيهَا أَذًى، فَإِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلْيَنْظُرْ فَإِنْ رَأَى فِي نَعْلَيْهِ أَذًى وَإِلَّا فَلْيُصَلِّ فِيهِمَا ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer wearing his sandals, and the people also prayed in their sandals. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) took off his sandals, and the people also took off their sandals while still in the prayer. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) completed the prayer, he said: "What made you take off your sandals during the prayer?" They said: O Messenger of Allah! We saw you do (so), so we did the same. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril (peace be upon him) informed me that there was filth on them. When one of you comes to the mosque, he should look: if he sees filth on his sandals, he should take them off; otherwise he should pray in his sandals."
وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ بِمَرْوَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى فَخَلَعَ نَعْلَيْهِ فَخَلَعَ النَّاسُ نِعَالَهُمْ قَالَ: " لِمَ خَلَعْتُمْ نِعَالَكُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، رَأَيْنَاكَ خَلَعْتَ فَخَلَعْنَا قَالَ: " إِنَّ جَبْرَائِيلَ أَتَانِي فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ بِهِمَا خَبَثًا فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلْيَقْلِبْ نَعْلَيْهِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ فِيهِمَا خَبَثًا، فَإِنْ وَجَدَ خَبَثًا فَلْيَمْسَحْهُمَا بِالْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ لِيُصَلِّ فِيهِمَا " هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُعْرَفُ بِحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ السَّعْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْخَزَّازِ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ غَيْرِ مَحْفُوظٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer and took off his sandals, and the people also took off their sandals. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) finished, he asked: "Why did you take off your sandals?" They said: O Messenger of Allah! We saw that you took yours off, so we took ours off too. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril (peace be upon him) came to me and informed me that there was filth on the sandals. When one of you comes to the mosque, he should turn his sandals over and look for filth on them; if there is filth on them, he should rub them against the ground and then pray in them."
This hadith is known through Hammad bin Salamah, from Abu Na'amah Abd Rabbih al-Sa'di, from Abu Nadrah. It has also been narrated from al-Hajjaj bin al-Hajjaj, from Abu Amir al-Khazzaz, from Abu Na'amah, and that is not strong; and it has been narrated through another way, which is not preserved (ghayr mahfuz), from Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, from Abu Nadrah.
This hadith is known through Hammad bin Salamah, from Abu Na'amah Abd Rabbih al-Sa'di, from Abu Nadrah. It has also been narrated from al-Hajjaj bin al-Hajjaj, from Abu Amir al-Khazzaz, from Abu Na'amah, and that is not strong; and it has been narrated through another way, which is not preserved (ghayr mahfuz), from Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, from Abu Nadrah.
أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ شَافِعٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ ثنا عَمِّي، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ أَبِي عُرْوَةَ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي نَعْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَلَعَهُمَا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ جَبْرَائِيلَ جَاءَنِي فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ فِيهِمَا خَبَثًا، فَإِذَا جِئْتُمُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَانْظُرُوا فِي نِعَالِكُمْ فَمَنْ وَجَدَ شَيْئًا فَلْيَحُكَّهُ " وَرَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: وَقَالَ: " قَذَرًا " وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: خَبَثًا.
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer wearing his sandals, then he took them off. He (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked (about it), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril came to me and informed me that there was filth on them. When you come to the mosque, look at your sandals; if anything is on them, clean it off."
أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرَوَيْهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَنَبٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ: " رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يُصَلِّي فِي رِدَائِهِ وَفِيهِ دَمٌ فَأَتَاهُ نَافِعٌ فَنَزَعَ عَنْهُ رِدَاءَهُ وَأَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ رِدَاءَهُ وَمَضَى فِي صَلَاتِهِ ".
Zayd bin Aslam (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I saw Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) praying in a blood-stained cloak. Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) came, removed the cloak from him and put his own cloak over him, and he continued in his prayer.
وَأنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ " بَيْنَمَا هُوَ يُصَلِّي رَأَى فِي ثَوْبِهِ دَمًا فَانْصَرَفَ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُ بِمَاءٍ فَغَسَلَهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَمَّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى مَا مَضَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَلَمْ يُعِدْ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَإِلَى هَذَا ذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي مَعْنَى مَا رُوِّينَا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَقَالَ: أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ وَكَانَ عَالِمًا بِمَا كَانَ فِي ثَوْبِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَالِمًا كَهَيْئَتِهِ فِي الْوُضُوءِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ رَغِبَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ لِاشْتِهَارِهِ بَحَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَعَامَةَ السَّعْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي عَدَالَتِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي كِتَابِهِ مَعَ احْتِجَاجِهِ بِهِمْ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ ⦗٥٦٥⦘ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَغِبَ عَنْهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ إِعْلَامَ جَبْرَائِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ إِيَّاهُ بِذَلِكَ ابْتِدَاءَ شَرْعٍ أَوْ حَمَلَ الْأَذَى الْمَذْكُورَ عَنْهُ عَلَى مَا يُسْتَقْذَرُ مِنَ الطَّهَارَاتِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْصُولًا، إِلَّا أَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الرَّاعِي، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَأَبُو حَمْزَةَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ أَضْعَفَ مِنْهُ، وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ فُرَاتُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَفُرَاتُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ تَرَكُوهُ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَبَّادُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَعَبَّادٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
It is narrated from Salim (may Allah have mercy on him) that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was praying when he saw blood on his clothes, so he left the prayer and gestured to them. They brought water, he washed the garment, and he completed the rest of the prayer, and he did not repeat the prayer.
Al-Shaykh said: This is the earlier view of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), since he took as evidence the narrations of Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both); but later he retracted it and said: He is to repeat the prayer, whether or not he knew beforehand of the (impurity) on his clothes, just as is the ruling for ablution (wudu).
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is the view of al-Hasan al-Basri and Abu Qilabah. Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) turned away from the hadith of Abu Sa'id because it is known through Hammad bin Salamah, from Abu Na'amah al-Sa'di, from Abu Nadrah, and the integrity of each of them is disputed; likewise al-Bukhari did not use any of them as evidence in the Sahih, and Muslim did not record it in his book, although he used them as evidence in other narrations. It is also possible that he turned away from it because he took Jibril's (peace be upon him) informing him of that as the beginning of a ruling, or because he understood the filth (adha) mentioned in it as something pure that is merely found repulsive. And Allah knows best. This hadith has been narrated from Bakr bin Abdullah al-Muzani from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal, and as connected from the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn Abbas and Abu Hurayrah. However, the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud is narrated only by Abu Hamzah al-Ra'i, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, from Abdullah, and Abu Hamzah is not used as evidence, and it has been narrated through another way weaker than it; the hadith of Ibn Abbas is narrated only by Furat bin al-Sa'ib, from Maymun bin Mihran, from Ibn Abbas, and Furat bin al-Sa'ib was abandoned by them; and the hadith of Abu Hurayrah is narrated only by Abbad bin Kathir, and Abbad is not used as evidence. However, it has been narrated from Anas bin Malik with a chain in which there is no harm.
Al-Shaykh said: This is the earlier view of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), since he took as evidence the narrations of Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both); but later he retracted it and said: He is to repeat the prayer, whether or not he knew beforehand of the (impurity) on his clothes, just as is the ruling for ablution (wudu).
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is the view of al-Hasan al-Basri and Abu Qilabah. Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) turned away from the hadith of Abu Sa'id because it is known through Hammad bin Salamah, from Abu Na'amah al-Sa'di, from Abu Nadrah, and the integrity of each of them is disputed; likewise al-Bukhari did not use any of them as evidence in the Sahih, and Muslim did not record it in his book, although he used them as evidence in other narrations. It is also possible that he turned away from it because he took Jibril's (peace be upon him) informing him of that as the beginning of a ruling, or because he understood the filth (adha) mentioned in it as something pure that is merely found repulsive. And Allah knows best. This hadith has been narrated from Bakr bin Abdullah al-Muzani from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal, and as connected from the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn Abbas and Abu Hurayrah. However, the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud is narrated only by Abu Hamzah al-Ra'i, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, from Abdullah, and Abu Hamzah is not used as evidence, and it has been narrated through another way weaker than it; the hadith of Ibn Abbas is narrated only by Furat bin al-Sa'ib, from Maymun bin Mihran, from Ibn Abbas, and Furat bin al-Sa'ib was abandoned by them; and the hadith of Abu Hurayrah is narrated only by Abbad bin Kathir, and Abbad is not used as evidence. However, it has been narrated from Anas bin Malik with a chain in which there is no harm.
أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عِصْمَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ (ح) وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَا: أنبأ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، ثنا مُطَيَّنٌ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَخْلَعْ نَعْلَيْهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً، فَخَلَعَ النَّاسُ، فَقَالَ: " مَا لَكُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: خَلَعْتَ فَخَلَعْنَا، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ جَبْرَائِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ فِيهِمَا قَذَرًا " لَفْظُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَفْعَلُهُ مِنَ الْبِنَاءِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ فِي هَذَا، وَفِي الرُّعَافِ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: يَسْتَأْنِفُ وَهُوَ الْقِيَاسُ عَلَى الْوُضُوءِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
It is narrated from Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never took off his sandals during the prayer except once, and the people also took off their sandals. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Why did you take them off?" They said: You (peace and blessings be upon him) took off your sandals, so we took ours off too. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril (peace be upon him) informed me that there was filth on them."
Only Abdullah bin al-Muthanna narrated it, and Allah knows best.
As for Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), he would build upon the prayer already performed in this case (blood on the garment) and in the case of a nosebleed; while al-Miswar bin Makhramah used to say that he should start the prayer afresh, and that is the analogy with ablution (wudu) in this issue.
Only Abdullah bin al-Muthanna narrated it, and Allah knows best.
As for Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), he would build upon the prayer already performed in this case (blood on the garment) and in the case of a nosebleed; while al-Miswar bin Makhramah used to say that he should start the prayer afresh, and that is the analogy with ablution (wudu) in this issue.
