السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: عدد ركعات الصلوات الخمس
The number of rak'ahs of the five prayers
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ الْفَضْلِ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: أَتَى جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " قُمْ فَصَلِّ وَذَلِكَ دُلُوكَ الشَّمْسِ حِينَ مَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ كَانَ ظِلُّهُ مِثْلَهُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ بَرَقَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ فِي الظُّهْرِ حِينَ صَارَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ صَارَ ظِلُّهُ مِثْلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الْوَقْتَ بِالْأَمْسِ حِينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ وَأَظْلَمَ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ أَسْفَرَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَالَ: قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ صَلَاةٌ " أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ بَلَاغٌ بَلَغَهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ مُرْسَلٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Jibril (peace be upon him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Stand up and pray." That was the time of "duluk al-shams" (the declining of the sun). He (peace and blessings be upon him) stood and prayed four rak'ahs of Zuhr. Then he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) when the shadow of a thing had become equal to its length, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed four rak'ahs of Asr. Then he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) when the sun had set, and said: "Stand and pray." He (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed three rak'ahs of Maghrib. Then he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) when the redness of twilight had disappeared, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed four rak'ahs of the later Isha. Then he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) when the dawn broke, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two rak'ahs of Subh. Then the next day he came at midday, when the shadow of a thing had become equal to it, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed four rak'ahs of Zuhr. Then he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) when its shadow had become twice its length, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed four rak'ahs of Asr. Then he came at the same time as the day before, when the sun had set, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed three rak'ahs of Maghrib. Then he came after the redness of twilight had disappeared and it had become dark, and said: "Stand and pray," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed four rak'ahs of Isha. Then he came when the dawn had become bright, and said: "Stand and pray." He (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two rak'ahs of Subh. Then he said: "Between these two times is the time of prayer."
Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm did not hear this from Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari; it is only a report that reached him (balagh), and it has also been narrated in another, mursal hadith.
Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm did not hear this from Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari; it is only a report that reached him (balagh), and it has also been narrated in another, mursal hadith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُنَادِي ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَدِّبُ ثنا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّحْوِيُّ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: ثنا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ صَعْصَعَةَ حَدَّثَهُمْ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الْمِعْرَاجِ بِطُولِهِ وَفِيهِ فَرْضُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَثنا الْحَسَنُ يَعْنِي الْبَصْرِيَّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا جَاءَ بِهِنَّ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَلَا عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَنْ بَطْنِ السَّمَاءِ نُودِيَ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ قَالَ: فَفَزِعَ الْقَوْمُ لِذَلِكَ فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ لَا يَقْرَأُ فِيهِنَّ عَلَانِيَةً يَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِنَبِيِّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَقْتَدِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَتَّى إِذَا تَصَوَّبَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَنْ بَطْنِ السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ بَيْضَاءُ نَقِيَّةٌ نُودِيَ فِيهِمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ جَامِعَةٌ فَفَزِعَ الْقَوْمُ لِذَلِكَ فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ لَا يَقْرَأُ فِيهِنَّ عَلَانِيَةً يَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِنَبِيِّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَقْتَدِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَتَّى إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ نُودِيَ فِيهِمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ جَامِعَةٌ فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ⦗٥٣٣⦘ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ وَلَا يَقْرَأُ فِي الْوَاحِدَةِ يَعْنِي عَلَانِيَةً يَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِنَبِيِّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَقْتَدِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَتَّى إِذَا غَابَ الشَّفَقُ نُودِيَ فِيهِمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ جَامِعَةً فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ يَقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ عَلَانِيَةً وَلَا يَقْرَأُ فِي الثِّنْتَيْنِ يَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِنَبِيِّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَقْتَدِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: فَبَاتَ الْقَوْمُ وَهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ أَيُزَادُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَمْ لَا حَتَّى إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ نُودِيَ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ يُطِيلُ فِيهِمَا الْقِرَاءَةَ يَقْتَدِي النَّاسُ بِنَبِيِّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَقْتَدِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ " فَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَمَا رُوِيَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ الْمِعْرَاجِ وَأَنَّ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ فَرْضٌ حِينَئِذٍ بِأَعْدَادِهِنَّ وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ.
Qatadah said: Al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) brought them (the prayers) to his people, he left them alone until, when the sun had declined from the middle of the sky, it was announced among the people: "The prayer is about to begin." The people were alarmed and gathered, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in four rak'ahs in which he did not recite aloud; the people followed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) followed Jibril (peace be upon him). Then, when the sun had sloped down from the middle of the sky, that is, inclined towards the west, while it was still white and bright, the people were called: "The prayer is about to begin." The people were alarmed at this and gathered, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in four rak'ahs of the Asr prayer, in which he did not recite aloud; the people followed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept following Jibril (peace be upon him). Then, when the sun had set, the people were called: "The prayer is about to begin." They gathered, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in three rak'ahs; he recited in the first two rak'ahs and did not in one, meaning aloud; the people were following the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was following Jibril (peace be upon him). Then, when the redness of twilight had disappeared, the people were called: "The prayer is about to begin." They gathered, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in four rak'ahs; he recited aloud in two rak'ahs and did not in two; the people were following the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was following Jibril (peace be upon him). The people went to sleep not knowing whether anything more would be added or not, until, when dawn broke, they were called: "The prayer is about to begin." The people gathered, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in two rak'ahs with lengthy recitation; the people were following the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was following Jibril (peace be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا فَيَّاضُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: " فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَكَّةَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فُرِضَتْ أَرْبَعًا وَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ " أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ: وَتَابَعَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذَا التَّقْيِيدُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَسَائِرُ الثِّقَاتِ أَطْلَقُوهُ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that in Makkah the prayer was made obligatory upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as two rak'ahs each; when he left for Madinah, four were made obligatory, and the prayer of travel was kept at two rak'ahs.
This specification is something Ma'mar bin Rashid alone narrated from al-Zuhri; all the other trustworthy narrators reported it without qualification.
This specification is something Ma'mar bin Rashid alone narrated from al-Zuhri; all the other trustworthy narrators reported it without qualification.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ السُّوسِيُّ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ثنا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ ثنا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ الزُّهْرِيُّ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ صَلَاةُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: " فَرَضَ اللهُ الصَّلَاةَ أَوَّلَ مَا فَرَضَهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَتَمَّهَا فِي الْحَضَرِ وَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ عَلَى الْفَرِيضَةِ الْأُولَى " وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا.
Imam al-Awza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: How was the prayer of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Makkah before he emigrated to Madinah? He said: Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) informed me from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Allah made the prayer obligatory; at first He made it obligatory as two rak'ahs, then He completed it for those who are resident, and the prayer of travel was kept on the original obligation."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَامِدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ثنا بَكَّارُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدَ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَاطْمَأَنَّ زَادَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ غَيْرَ الْمَغْرِبِ لِأَنَّهَا وِتْرٌ وَصَلَاةُ الْغَدَاةِ لِطُولِ قِرَاءَتِهَا قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ إِذَا سَافَرَ صَلَّى صَلَاتَهُ الْأُولَى ".
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the prayer first made obligatory was two rak'ahs. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah and settled, two rak'ahs were added, except for Maghrib, because it is witr (odd), and the morning prayer, because of its lengthy recitation. She said: When he (peace and blessings be upon him) travelled, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would pray his original prayer, that is, he would shorten it.
