السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الطهارة
Book of Purification
باب: الجرح إذا كان في بعض جسده دون بعض
When there is a wound on part of the body but not the rest
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، ثنا السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَجْنَبَ فِي شِتَاءٍ فَسَأَلَ فَأُمِرَ بِالْغُسْلِ فَاغْتَسَلَ فَمَاتَ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " مَا لَهُمْ قَتَلُوهُ قَتَلَهُمُ اللهُ - ثَلَاثًا - قَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ الصَّعِيدَ أَوِ التَّيَمُّمَ طُهُورًا " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مَوْصُولٌ، وَتَمَامُ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ..
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man became junub in winter. He asked (what to do) and was ordered to take a ritual bath; he took a ritual bath and died. This was mentioned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What was wrong with them? They have killed him; may Allah destroy them," saying it three times, "Allah has made earth, or tayammum, a means of purification." This hadith is mawsul (connected).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ السُّوسِيُّ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنا ⦗٣٤٧⦘ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزِيدٍ، ثنا أَبِي، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ يَقُولُ: بَلَغَنِي عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يُخْبِرُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَصَابَهُ جُرْحٌ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ أَصَابَهُ احْتِلَامٌ فَأُمِرَ بِالِاغْتِسَالِ فَاغْتَسَلَ فَكُزَّ فَمَاتَ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " قَتَلُوهُ قَتَلَهُمُ اللهُ أَلَمْ يَكُنْ شِفَاءُ الْعِيِّ السُّؤَالَ " قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: فَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: " لَوْ غَسَلَ جَسَدَهَ وَتَرَكَ رَأْسَهُ حَيْثُ أَصَابَهُ الْجُرْحُ " فَهَذَا الْمُرْسَلُ يُقْتَضَى غُسْلَ الصَّحِيحِ مَنْهُ وَالْأَوْلُ يَقْتَضِي التَّيَمُّمَ فَمَنْ أَوْجَبَ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَهُمَا يَقُولُ: لَا تَنَافِيَ بَيْنَ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا مُرْسَلَةٌ.
Ata bin Abi Rabah heard Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) relate that in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a man was wounded, then he had a wet dream. He was ordered to take a ritual bath; he took a ritual bath and died of the cold. This reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "They have killed him; may Allah destroy them. Is not the cure for ignorance to ask?"
Ata said: It reached us that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about this and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If only he had washed his body and left his head where the wound had struck him." (b) This mursal narration requires washing, while the first narration contains the command of tayammum. Those who reconciled the two narrations say: The two narrations do not contradict each other, except that one of them is mursal.
Ata said: It reached us that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about this and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If only he had washed his body and left his head where the wound had struck him." (b) This mursal narration requires washing, while the first narration contains the command of tayammum. Those who reconciled the two narrations say: The two narrations do not contradict each other, except that one of them is mursal.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ خُرَيْقٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَصَابَ رَجُلًا مَنْا حَجَرٌ فَشَجَّهُ فِي رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ احْتَلَمَ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لِي رُخْصَةً فِي التَّيَمُّمِ؟ قَالُوا: مَا نَجِدُ لَكَ رُخْصَةً وَأَنْتَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، فَاغْتَسَلَ فَمَاتَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُخْبِرَ بِذَلِكَ، قَالَ: " قَتَلُوهُ قَتَلَهُمُ اللهُ أَلَا سَأَلُوا إِذْ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا فَإِنَّمَا شِفَاءُ الْعِيِّ السُّؤَالُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيهِ أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ وَيَعْصِرَ - أَوْ يَعْصِبَ شَكَّ مُوسَى - عَلَى جُرْحِهِ خِرْقَةً، ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ عَلَيْهَا وَيَغْسِلُ سَائِرَ جَسَدِهِ ". وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ مَوْصُولَةٌ جُمِعَ فِيهَا بَيْنَ غُسْلِ الصَّحِيحِ وَالْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْعِصَابَةِ وَالتَّيَمُّمِ إِلَّا إِنَّهَا تُخَالِفُ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that we set out on a journey, and a stone struck one of our men and wounded him in the head. Then he had a wet dream. He asked his companions: Do you find any concession for me to perform tayammum? They said: We do not find any concession for you, since you are able to use water. He took a ritual bath and died. When we came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him (peace and blessings be upon him) of this (incident), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "They have killed him; may Allah destroy them. Why did they not ask when they did not know? The cure for ignorance is only to ask. It would have sufficed him to perform tayammum and bind a bandage on his wound - Musa was unsure whether he said: wrap a cloth on his wound - then wipe over it and wash the rest of his body." This narration is mawsul (connected); in it washing, wiping and tayammum are combined. In its chain this narration differs from the first two narrations.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَسْفَاطِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، ⦗٣٤٨⦘ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: " مَنْ تَرَكَ مَوْضِعَ شَعْرَةٍ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ لَمْ يَغْسِلْهَا فُعِلَ بِهَا مَنِ النَّارِ كَذَا وَكَذَا "، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَمِنْ ثَمَّ عَادَيْتُ شَعْرِي. فَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ وَمَا وَرَدَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ يُوجِبُ غُسْلَ الصَّحِيحِ مَنْهُ، وَالْكِتَابُ يُوجِبُ التَّيَمُّمَ لِمَا لَا يُقْدَرُ عَلَى غَسْلِهِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. وَظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى اسْتِعْمَالِ مَا يَجِدُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ الرُّجُوعُ إِلَى التَّيَمُّمِ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ، عَنْ عَبْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ عَبْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَتَوَضَّأُ وَيَتَيَمَّمُ فِي الْجُنُبِ لَا يَجِدُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ إِلَّا قَدْرَ مَا يَتَوَضَّأُ وَكَذَا، قَالَ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ يَقُولَانِ يَتَيَمَّمُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever leaves a spot of his body the size of a hair unwashed from janabah, such and such will be done to it with the Fire." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: For this reason I have treated my hair as an enemy.
(b) This hadith and those with the same meaning contain the command that washing is obligatory, while the Book of Allah contains the command of tayammum for one who is unable to wash. The apparent meaning of the Book of Allah indicates that when one does not find water, he should perform tayammum.
(c) Ibn Abi Lubabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He will perform ablution and also tayammum when, in a state of janabah, he finds no water except an amount sufficient for ablution. Ma'mar bin Rashid (may Allah have mercy on him) also held this view. Imam al-Hasan and al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on them both) said: He will perform only tayammum.
(b) This hadith and those with the same meaning contain the command that washing is obligatory, while the Book of Allah contains the command of tayammum for one who is unable to wash. The apparent meaning of the Book of Allah indicates that when one does not find water, he should perform tayammum.
(c) Ibn Abi Lubabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He will perform ablution and also tayammum when, in a state of janabah, he finds no water except an amount sufficient for ablution. Ma'mar bin Rashid (may Allah have mercy on him) also held this view. Imam al-Hasan and al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on them both) said: He will perform only tayammum.
