السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الطهارة
Book of Purification
باب: التيمم في السفر إذا خاف الموت أو العلة من شدة البرد
Tayammum on a journey for fear of death or illness from severe cold
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ بِبَغْدَادَ، قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، ثنا أَبِي، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَيُّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، قَالَ: احْتَلَمْتُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ بَارِدَةٍ فِي غَزْوَةِ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ فَأَشْفَقْتُ إِنِ اغْتَسَلَتُ أَنْ أَهْلِكَ فَتَيَمَّمْتُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ بِأَصْحَابِيَ الصُّبْحَ فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " يَا عَمْرُو صَلَّيْتَ بِأَصْحَابِكَ وَأَنْتَ جُنُبٌ " فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالَّذِي مَنَعَنِي مِنَ الِاغْتِسَالِ وَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ {وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا} [النساء: ٢٩] فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئًا وَرَوَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ فَخَالَفَهُ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَتْنِ جَمِيعًا.
Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: On a cold night during the expedition of Dhat al-Salasil I had a wet dream, and I feared that if I took a ritual bath I would die, so I performed tayammum and then led my companions in the Fajr prayer. They mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Amr, did you lead your companions in prayer while you were junub?" I told him (peace and blessings be upon him) the reason that had prevented me from taking a ritual bath, and I said: I have heard Allah Almighty say: "And do not kill yourselves; indeed Allah is ever Merciful to you" [Surah al-Nisa': 29]. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed and did not say anything.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ أَظُنُّهُ ابْنَ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ كَانَ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ وَأَنَّهُ أَصَابَهُمْ بَرْدٌ شَدِيدٌ لَمْ يُرَ مِثْلُهُ فَخَرَجَ لِصَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لَقَدِ احْتَلَمْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ وَلَكِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ بَرْدًا مِثْلَ هَذَا هَلْ مَرَّ عَلَى وُجُوهِكُمْ مِثْلُهُ قَالُوا: لَا، فَغَسَلَ مَغَابِنَهُ وَتَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمْ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَيْفَ وَجَدْتُمْ عَمْرًا وَصَحَابَتَهُ " فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا وَقَالُوا " يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى بِنَا وَهُو جُنُبٌ فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى عَمْرٍو فَسَأَلَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ وَبِالَّذِي لَقِيَ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ وَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى، قَالَ: {وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ} [النساء: ٢٩] وَلَوِ اغْتَسَلَتُ مِتُّ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى عَمْرٍو أَخْرَجَهُمَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، ثُمَّ، قَالَ: وَرَوَى هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، قَالَ فِيهِ: فَتَيَمَّمَ، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ فَعَلَ مَا نُقِلَ فِي الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا غَسَلَ مَا قَدَرَ عَلَى غَسْلِهِ وَتَيَمَّمَ لِلْبَاقِي.
Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) was (in command) over a military detachment. They were struck by severe cold, the like of which had not been seen before. He came out for the Fajr prayer and said: By Allah, I had a wet dream last night, but by Allah, I have never seen cold like this; has anything like it ever passed over your faces? They said: No. Then he washed the folds of his body and performed ablution like the ablution for prayer, and then led them in prayer. When they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "How did you find Amr and his companions?" They praised him well and said: O Messenger of Allah, he led us in prayer while he was junub. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for Amr and asked him, and he told him the whole incident and also about the cold he had suffered. He said: O Messenger of Allah, Allah Almighty says: "And do not kill yourselves" [Surah al-Nisa': 29]; if I had taken a ritual bath, I would have died. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed, looking towards Amr.
(b) The Shaykh said: It is possible that he did what is reported in both narrations together: he washed what he was able to wash and performed tayammum for the rest.
(b) The Shaykh said: It is possible that he did what is reported in both narrations together: he washed what he was able to wash and performed tayammum for the rest.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ أنا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَأَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّجُلُ يُجْنِبُ فَلَا يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ أَيُصَلِّي، قَالَ: لَا فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَ عَمَّارٍ لِعُمَرَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ فَأَجْنَبْتُ فَتَمَعَّكْتُ بِالصَّعِيدِ فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّمَا يَكْفِيكَ هَكَذَا " وَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ مَسْحَةً وَاحِدَةً " قَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ عُمَرَ قَنَعَ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَقَالَ: إِنَّا لَوْ رَخَّصْنَا لَهُمْ فِي هَذَا كَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ الْبَارِدَ تَمَسَّحَ بِالصَّعِيدِ. قَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: فَقُلْتُ: لِشَقِيقٍ فَمَا كَرِهَهُ إِلَّا لِهَذَا. مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، وَرَوَاهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَمَا دَرَى عَبْدُ اللهِ مَا يَقُولُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّا لَوْ رَخَّصْنَا لَهُمْ فِي هَذَا لَأوْشَكَ إِذَا بَرَدَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمُ الْمَاءُ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ وَيَتَيَمَّمَ فَقُلْتُ لِشَقِيقٍ: فَإِنَّمَا كَرِهَ عَبْدُ اللهِ لِهَذَا، قَالَ: نَعَمْ.
Shaqiq said: I was sitting with Abdullah and Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with them both). Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu Abd al-Rahman, if a man becomes junub and does not find water, should he pray? He said: No. He said: Have you not heard what Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me and you (on an errand), and I became junub and rolled about in the dust. Then we came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This would have sufficed you," and he wiped his face and hands once. He said: I did not see Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) being satisfied with that. He said: Then what do you do with this verse: "And you find no water, then perform tayammum with clean earth" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 6]? He said: If we were to give them a concession in this, then whenever any one of them found the water cold, he would wipe with earth. Al-A'mash said: I said to Shaqiq: So it was only for this reason that he disliked it. (b) In the narration of Hafs bin Ghiyath from al-A'mash it says: Abdullah did not know what to say, and he said: If we were to give people a concession in this matter, then whenever the water felt cold to any of them, he would soon leave it and perform tayammum. I said to Shaqiq: So it was for this reason that Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) disliked it. He said: Yes.
