Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 8222

(1) كذا وقع في نسخ "المستدرك"، وهو خطأ يقينًا، فإنَّ الحكم بن نافع ما طلب العلم إلَّا في سنة بضع وخمسين ومئة كما قال الذهبي في "السير" 10/ 319، وعبيد الله بن موهب توفي في سنة 154، كما أنَّ الحديث لا يعرف إلَّا من رواية عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد الحنفي.
Correction / Note: This is how (the name) occurs in the manuscripts of "al-Mustadrak", and it is certainly an "error". For al-Hakam bin Nafi' only began seeking knowledge in the 150s AH (as al-Dhahabi said in al-Siyar 10/319), whereas Ubayd Allah bin Mawhab had died in 154 AH. Moreover, this hadith is known only through the narration of Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Majid al-Hanafi.

(2) صحيح لغيره، وهذا إسناد حسن في المتابعات والشواهد من أجل عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن موهب، فهو مختلف فيه، ومالك بن محمد - وهو المعروف بمالك بن أبي الرِّجال - قال الدارقطني: صالح.
Grading: Sahih li-ghayrihi (sahih due to other supporting reports).
Technical note: In corroborations and supporting reports this chain is "hasan" on account of Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Rahman bin Mawhab, since the hadith scholars differed about him; and about Malik bin Muhammad, who is known as Malik bin Abi al-Rijal, Imam al-Daraqutni said that he is "salih" (acceptable).
وأخرجه تامًّا ومختصرًا أبو يعلى (4757)، والطبري في مسند علي من "تهذيب الآثار" (331)، وابن أبي عاصم في "الديات" ص 93، والدارقطني في "سننه" (3249)، والخطيب في "موضح الأوهام" 2/ 415 من طرق عن عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد الحنفي، عن عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن، بهذا الإسناد. وزاد من أخرجه تامًّا وفي الآخَر: المؤمنون تتكافأُ دماؤهم، ويسعى بذِمّتهم أدناهم، لا يُقتَل مسلم بكافر، ولا ذو عهد في عهده، ولا يتوارث أهل مِلّتين، ولا تُنكَح المرأة على عمتها ولا على خالتها، ولا صلاةَ بعد العصر حتى تغرب الشمس، ولا تسافر امرأة ثلاث ليال مع غير ذي مَحرَم". وبعضهم يزيد فيه على بعض.
Reference / Source: Abu Ya'la (4757) narrated it in full and in abridged form, as did al-Tabari in the Musnad of Ali in "Tahdhib al-Athar" (331), Ibn Abi Asim in "al-Diyat" (p. 93), al-Daraqutni in his "Sunan" (3249) and al-Khatib in "Mudih al-Awham" (2/415), through various routes from Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Majid al-Hanafi, from Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Rahman, with this same chain.
Details of the narration: Those who narrated it in full, and in the other version, have this addition: "The blood of the believers is equal; the lowest of them may extend their protection (aman); no Muslim is to be killed for a disbeliever, nor one under a covenant while his covenant stands; the people of two different religions do not inherit from one another; a woman is not to be married alongside her paternal aunt or her maternal aunt; there is no prayer after Asr until the sun sets; and no woman is to travel for three nights except with a mahram." Some narrators add to the wording more than others.
وأخرجه البيهقي مقطعًا 8/ 26 و 29 من طريق عبيد الله بن عبد المجيد الحنفي، عن عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن، عن مالك، عن أبيه محمد بن عبد الرحمن، عن عمرة بنت عبد الرحمن، عن عائشة. فزاد بين مالك وعمرة محمد بن عبد الرحمن والد مالك! وهذا المعروف في كتب الرجال، فقد نصَّ البخاري في ترجمة مالك بن أبي الرجال من "التاريخ الكبير" 7/ 313، وابن أبي حاتم في "الجرح والتعديل" 8/ 216، وابن حبان في "الثقات" 9/ 164: أنَّ مالكًا يروي عن أبيه عن عمرة، ويروي عنه عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن موهب، فالله أعلم.
Reference / Source: Al-Bayhaqi (8/26 and 29) narrated it in separate portions via Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Majid al-Hanafi, from Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Rahman, from Malik, from his father Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman, from Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman, from Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
Technical note: In al-Bayhaqi's chain, "Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman" (Malik's father) is added between Malik and Amrah! And this is what is well known in the books of narrator biographies.
References: Thus Imam al-Bukhari in "al-Tarikh al-Kabir" (7/313) in the biography of Malik bin Abi al-Rijal, Ibn Abi Hatim in "al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil" (8/216) and Ibn Hibban in "al-Thiqat" (9/164) stated explicitly that Malik narrates from his father, from Amrah, and that Ubayd Allah bin Abd al-Rahman bin Mawhab narrates from Malik; so Allah knows best.
وفي الباب عن علي بن الحسين المعروف بزين العابدين مرسلًا عند الشافعي في "الأم" 7/ 11، وعبد الرزاق (18847)، وأبي يعلى (330)، والدولابي في "الذرية الطاهرة" (154)، وأبي بكر الخلال في "السنة" (1551)، وأبي بكر الشافعي في "الغيلانيات" (79)، ولفظه: وجد مع سيف النبي ﷺ صحيفة معلَّقة بقائم السيف فيها: "إن أعتى الناس على الله القاتلُ غير قاتله، والضارب غير ضاربه، ومن أوى مُحدِثًا لم يُقبل منه يوم القيامة صرف ولا عدل، ومن تولّى غير مولاه، فقد كفر بما أُنزل على محمد".
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: On this topic there is a "mursal" narration from Ali bin al-Husayn (known as Zayn al-Abidin), recorded by Imam al-Shafi'i in "al-Umm" (7/11), and by Abd al-Razzaq (18847), Abu Ya'la (330), al-Dulabi in "al-Dhurriyyah al-Tahirah" (154), Abu Bakr al-Khallal in "al-Sunnah" (1551) and Abu Bakr al-Shafi'i in "al-Ghaylaniyyat" (79).
Text of the hadith: Its wording is: "A sheet was found with the sword of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), hanging from the hilt of the sword, in which was written: The most insolent of people towards Allah is the one who kills someone other than his killer, and who strikes someone other than the one who struck him; whoever shelters an innovator (or a criminal), neither an obligatory nor a voluntary deed will be accepted from him on the Day of Resurrection; and whoever takes as patrons others than his own patrons (mawali) has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)."
وبنحوه عن عبد الله بن عمرو عند أحمد 11/ (6681) ضمن خطبة فتح مكة، وقال فيه: "إن أعدى الناس على الله من قَتل في الحرم، أو قتل غير قاتله، أو قتل بذُحول الجاهلية".
Corroborating chains: A similar narration is reported from Abd Allah bin Amr in Musnad Ahmad (11/6681) as part of the sermon at the Conquest of Makkah, in which he said: "The greatest enemy of Allah among people is the one who kills within the Haram, or kills someone other than his killer, or kills out of the old blood feuds of the Jahiliyyah."
ومثله عن عبد الله بن عمر ضمن الخطبة أيضًا عند ابن حبان (5996)، وسندهما حسن.
Corroborating chains: Likewise it is reported from Abd Allah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), also as part of the sermon, in Ibn Hibban (5996),
Grading of the chain: and the chains of both are "hasan".
وورد معناه عند البخاري (6882) في حديث ابن عباس أن النبي ﷺ قال: "أبغض الناس إلى الله ثلاثة مُلحِد في الحرم، ومبتغ في الإسلام سنة الجاهلية، ومطّلِب دم امرئ بغير حق ليُهريق دمه".
Supporting reports: A narration with this meaning comes in al-Bukhari (6882) in the hadith of Ibn Abbas, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The most hated of people to Allah are three: one who commits deviation (ilhad, wrongdoing) in the Haram, one who seeks the way of the Jahiliyyah in Islam, and one who demands a person's blood without right in order to shed it."
وفي باب النهي عن تولي غير الموالي عن علي عند البخاري (3172)، ومسلم (1370).
Other places: On the topic of "the prohibition of taking as patrons others than one's own patrons (mawali)", there are also narrations from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in al-Bukhari (3172) and Muslim (1370).
وانظر حديث ابن عباس الآتي برقم (8250).
Note: See the hadith of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) coming later at number (8250).