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مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
لَا يَرِثُ الْمَيِّتُ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ إِذَا لَمْ يُعْرَفْ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ
The dead do not inherit from one another if it is not known which of them died first
Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 8210
اُردوEn
أخبرنا أبو العباس القاسم بن القاسم السَّيَّاري بمَرْو، حدثنا محمد بن موسى بن حاتم حدثنا علي بن الحسن بن شَقِيق، أخبرنا الحسين بن واقد، عن يزيد النَّحْوي، عن عِكرِمة، عن ابن عباس: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ عَاقَدَتْ (4) أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ﴾ [النساء:33]، قال: كان الرجلُ يُحالِفُ الرَّجلَ ليس بينهما نسبٌ، ليرثَ أحدُهما الآخرَ، فنَسَخَ اللهُ ذلك بالأنفال: ﴿وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الأنفال: 75] (1).
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 8011 - سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 8011 - سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "And those with whom you have made pledges, give them their share" [Surah al-Nisa: 33], that he said: (Previously) a man would make a pact with another man, even though there was no blood relationship between them, so that each could inherit from the other; then Allah Almighty abrogated this through this verse of Surah al-Anfal: "And blood relatives are more entitled to one another in the Book of Allah" [Surah al-Anfal: 75].
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.
(4) قال ابن زنجلة في "حجة القراءات" ص 201: قرأ عاصم وحمزة والكِسائيّ: (والذين عَقَدَت أَيْمَانُكم) بغير ألف، وحجتهم أَنَّ الأيمان عَقَدَت بينهم، لأنَّ في قوله: (أيمانُكم) حجَّة على أَنَّ أيمان الطائفتينِ هي عَقَدت ما بينهما … وقرأ الباقون: (والَّذين عاقَدَت) بالألف، وحجتهم أنَّ العقد كان من الفريقين، وكان هذا في الجاهلية؛ يجيء الرجل الذليل إلى العزيز فيعاقده ويحالفه، ويقول له: أنا ابنك ترثني وأرثك، وحُرمتي حرمتك، ودمي دمك، وثأري ثأرك، فأمر الله جلَّ وعزَّ بالوفاء لهم، فهذا العقد لا يكون إلَّا بين اثنين. وقيل: إنَّ ذلك أمر قبل تسمية المواريث، وهي منسوخة بآية المواريث.
General principle: Ibn Zanjalah said in "Hujjat al-Qira'at" (p. 201): "'Asim, Hamzah and al-Kisa'i read {wa-lladhina 'aqadat aymanukum} (without an alif). Their argument is that the oaths bound the pact between them, because the word 'aymanukum' (your oaths) is evidence that it was the oaths of the two parties that tied what is between them… The rest of the reciters read {wa-lladhina 'aaqadat} (with an alif). Their argument is that the pact was from both parties; this used to happen in the Jahiliyyah: a weak man would come to a powerful one and make a pact and alliance with him, saying: 'I am your son; you will inherit from me and I from you; my sanctity is your sanctity, my blood is your blood, and my revenge is your revenge.' So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, commanded fidelity to them. Thus this pact can only be between two parties. It is also said that this ruling was before the inheritance shares were specified, and it is now abrogated by the verse of inheritance."
(1) خبر صحيح، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل محمد بن موسى بن حاتم، وهو متابع.
Grading: This report is sahih, and this chain is "hasan" because of Muhammad bin Musa bin Hatim, and he has been corroborated.
وأخرجه أبو داود (2921) عن أحمد بن محمد بن ثابت - وهو ثقة - عن علي بن الحسين بن واقد، عن أبيه، عن يزيد النحوي وإسناده حسن من أجل علي بن الحسين.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2921) narrated it from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Thabit (who is thiqah), from 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Waqid, from his father, from Yazid al-Nahwi.
Grading: Its chain is "hasan" because of 'Ali bin al-Husayn.
وانظر ما سلف برقم (8200).
Note / Clarification: See what passed at number (8200).
General principle: Ibn Zanjalah said in "Hujjat al-Qira'at" (p. 201): "'Asim, Hamzah and al-Kisa'i read {wa-lladhina 'aqadat aymanukum} (without an alif). Their argument is that the oaths bound the pact between them, because the word 'aymanukum' (your oaths) is evidence that it was the oaths of the two parties that tied what is between them… The rest of the reciters read {wa-lladhina 'aaqadat} (with an alif). Their argument is that the pact was from both parties; this used to happen in the Jahiliyyah: a weak man would come to a powerful one and make a pact and alliance with him, saying: 'I am your son; you will inherit from me and I from you; my sanctity is your sanctity, my blood is your blood, and my revenge is your revenge.' So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, commanded fidelity to them. Thus this pact can only be between two parties. It is also said that this ruling was before the inheritance shares were specified, and it is now abrogated by the verse of inheritance."
(1) خبر صحيح، وهذا إسناد حسن من أجل محمد بن موسى بن حاتم، وهو متابع.
Grading: This report is sahih, and this chain is "hasan" because of Muhammad bin Musa bin Hatim, and he has been corroborated.
وأخرجه أبو داود (2921) عن أحمد بن محمد بن ثابت - وهو ثقة - عن علي بن الحسين بن واقد، عن أبيه، عن يزيد النحوي وإسناده حسن من أجل علي بن الحسين.
Reference / Source: Abu Dawud (2921) narrated it from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Thabit (who is thiqah), from 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Waqid, from his father, from Yazid al-Nahwi.
Grading: Its chain is "hasan" because of 'Ali bin al-Husayn.
وانظر ما سلف برقم (8200).
Note / Clarification: See what passed at number (8200).
Source: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn (Takhrij & Tahqiq: Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.), Page: 8210
